Análisis sobre la viabilidad de exigir un capital social mínimo para que las COOPAC puedan ser solventes desde el inicio de sus operaciones: ¿es posible reinterpretar el primer principio cooperativo?
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El inicio de la supervisión efectiva de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito no
autorizadas a captar recursos del público por parte de la Superintendencia de
Banca, Seguros y AFP representó un desafío considerable, ya que se trataba
de un sistema en marcha que, hasta 2019, había operado en un entorno de
supervisión voluntaria y había experimentado un crecimiento acelerado en la
última década. Los esfuerzos del regulador para estabilizar el sector mediante
diversas acciones de supervisión y la emisión de un nuevo marco normativo
han permitido fortalecer el sistema COOPAC; sin embargo, aún no existe una
norma que garantice su viabilidad desde el inicio, a pesar de la importancia de
estas entidades en la actividad de intermediación financiera, especialmente en
el sistema microfinanciero. En este contexto, el presente trabajo de
investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar que es viable reinterpretar el primer
principio cooperativo para requerir un capital social mínimo a las cooperativas
de ahorro y crédito cuando solicitan su inscripción en el Registro COOPAC, de
modo que puedan operar con viabilidad desde el inicio. De esta manera, se
podrá proteger el ahorro de los socios y asegurar el correcto funcionamiento
del sistema de intermediación COOPAC.
The commencement of effective supervision of credit unions by the Superintendence of Banks represented a considerable challenge, as it involved an ongoing cooperative system that, until 2019, had operated in an environment of voluntary supervision and had experienced accelerated growth over the past decade. The regulator's efforts to stabilize the sector through various supervisory actions and the issuance of a new regulatory framework have strengthened the credit union system; however, there is still no regulation ensuring their viability from the outset, despite the importance of these entities in financial intermediation activities, especially within the microfinance system. In this context, the present research aims to demonstrate the viability of reinterpreting the first cooperative principle to require a minimum share capital from credit unions when applying for registration in the COOPAC Registry, thereby enabling them to operate viably from the start. This approach will protect the members' savings and ensure the proper functioning of the credit union intermediation system.
The commencement of effective supervision of credit unions by the Superintendence of Banks represented a considerable challenge, as it involved an ongoing cooperative system that, until 2019, had operated in an environment of voluntary supervision and had experienced accelerated growth over the past decade. The regulator's efforts to stabilize the sector through various supervisory actions and the issuance of a new regulatory framework have strengthened the credit union system; however, there is still no regulation ensuring their viability from the outset, despite the importance of these entities in financial intermediation activities, especially within the microfinance system. In this context, the present research aims to demonstrate the viability of reinterpreting the first cooperative principle to require a minimum share capital from credit unions when applying for registration in the COOPAC Registry, thereby enabling them to operate viably from the start. This approach will protect the members' savings and ensure the proper functioning of the credit union intermediation system.
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