Business Consulting para la empresa Vía Perú Reingeniería del proceso de compras y abastecimiento
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Date
2025-02-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La empresa Vía Perú, dedicada al sector de concesiones de infraestructura vial
para servicio público, enfrenta constantes desafíos debido a la inestabilidad política,
aunque se destaca por mantener una solidez económica. Actualmente su área de compras
es considerada como debilidad para la empresa, por lo tanto, el business consulting buscó
diagnosticar esta área y proponer una hoja de ruta para fortalecerla en un mediano plazo.
Se identificaron cinco problemas iniciales, luego se priorizaron dos mediante la
matriz de magnitud-gravedad-capacidad versus beneficio, y finalmente, se definió como
problema principal el bajo nivel de madurez del proceso de compras y abastecimiento. El
análisis de causas, usando factores de influencia basados en pilares de excelencia en
compras y un sistema de calificación (0 a 10 puntos), reveló que la falta de mejora
continua era la causa central, sin embargo, la baja calificación en todos los factores
(menor a 5 puntos) evidenció que otras causas no consideradas serían también
significativas. En ese sentido, se adaptaron los resultados al modelo de Reck & Long,
que mide la madurez del proceso de compras y abastecimiento, y se ubicó en el segundo
nivel denominado Purchasing. Se consideraron tres alternativas de solución: mejora
continua, reingeniería de procesos y tercerización. La reingeniería, seleccionada como
mejor alternativa mediante la matriz FACTIS, se planea llevar a cabo en dos fases
durante un período de 36 meses, con el objetivo de aplicar actividades clave que
transformen el modelo de compras actual en uno estratégico.
Los resultados cuantitativos demostraron la viabilidad económica de los
escenarios A (ambas fases completas) y B (fase dos sin plataforma tecnológica), con un
VAN de S/1.0M y S/0.3M, una TIR de 49.7% y 31.3%, un ratio beneficio/costo de 1.4 y
1.2, y un periodo de recuperación de 3.2 años y 3.8 años, respectivamente. Se
recomienda implementar el escenario A para permitir una futura tercera fase de madurez.
Vía Perú, a company engaged in the public service road infrastructure concessions sector, faces ongoing challenges due to political instability, though it is noted for maintaining economic stability. Currently, its purchasing department is considered a weakness for the company. Therefore, business consulting sought to diagnose this area and propose a roadmap to strengthen it in the medium term. Initially, five problems were identified. Subsequently, two were prioritized using the magnitude-severity-capacity versus benefit matrix, and ultimately, the main problem was defined as the low maturity level of the procurement and sourcing process. The cause analysis, employing influence factors based on purchasing excellence pillars and a rating system (0 to 10 points), revealed that the lack of continuous improvement was the central cause. However, the low ratings across all factors (below 5 points) indicated that other unconsidered causes were also significant. In this context, the results were adapted to the Reck & Long model, which measures the maturity of the procurement and sourcing process, placing it at the second level, termed "Purchasing." Three alternative solutions were considered: continuous improvement, process reengineering, and outsourcing. Reengineering, selected as the best alternative through the FACTIS matrix, is planned to be implemented in two phases over a period of 36 months, with the aim of applying key activities to transform the current procurement model into a strategic one. Quantitative results demonstrated the economic viability of scenarios A (both phases complete) and B (phase two without technological platform), with a NPV of S/1.0M and S/0.3M, an IRR of 49.7% and 31.3%, a benefit-cost ratio of 1.4 and 1.2, and a payback period of 3.2 years and 3.8 years, respectively. It is recommended to implement scenario A to enable a future third phase of maturity.
Vía Perú, a company engaged in the public service road infrastructure concessions sector, faces ongoing challenges due to political instability, though it is noted for maintaining economic stability. Currently, its purchasing department is considered a weakness for the company. Therefore, business consulting sought to diagnose this area and propose a roadmap to strengthen it in the medium term. Initially, five problems were identified. Subsequently, two were prioritized using the magnitude-severity-capacity versus benefit matrix, and ultimately, the main problem was defined as the low maturity level of the procurement and sourcing process. The cause analysis, employing influence factors based on purchasing excellence pillars and a rating system (0 to 10 points), revealed that the lack of continuous improvement was the central cause. However, the low ratings across all factors (below 5 points) indicated that other unconsidered causes were also significant. In this context, the results were adapted to the Reck & Long model, which measures the maturity of the procurement and sourcing process, placing it at the second level, termed "Purchasing." Three alternative solutions were considered: continuous improvement, process reengineering, and outsourcing. Reengineering, selected as the best alternative through the FACTIS matrix, is planned to be implemented in two phases over a period of 36 months, with the aim of applying key activities to transform the current procurement model into a strategic one. Quantitative results demonstrated the economic viability of scenarios A (both phases complete) and B (phase two without technological platform), with a NPV of S/1.0M and S/0.3M, an IRR of 49.7% and 31.3%, a benefit-cost ratio of 1.4 and 1.2, and a payback period of 3.2 years and 3.8 years, respectively. It is recommended to implement scenario A to enable a future third phase of maturity.
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Keywords
Compras--Administración, Logística empresarial