Evaluación de impacto del Programa Nacional de Saneamiento Rural en las infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de cinco años
Date
2023-08-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación evalúa el impacto de la intervención del Programa
Nacional de Saneamiento Rural – PNSR, en las infecciones respiratorias agudas en
menores de cinco años para el periodo 2010 -2019. Para realizar la evaluación de impacto
se emplean dos metodologías, la primera un panel de datos con efectos fijos distritales y
la segunda un modelo de diferencias en diferencias con múltiples periodos de tiempo y
variación en el momento del tratamiento propuesto por Callaway y Sant'Anna (2020). Los
resultados encontrados sugieren que la intervención del PNSR disminuye los casos de
infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de cinco años entre 1 a 2.2 casos por cada
100 menores de cinco años. Asimismo, el presente estudio evalúa efectos heterogéneos,
encontrando que los distritos con menor nivel de cobertura y calidad de agua potable
antes de la intervención del PNSR son los más beneficiarios del programa. Del mismo
modo, se analiza otros efectos heterogéneos como quintil de pobreza monetaria, región
natural y porcentaje de ruralidad. Por último, se evalúa el impacto de culminar un proyecto
adicional, la exposición temporal y la inversión per cápita en proyectos de agua potable
y saneamiento sobre los casos de infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de cinco
años. En suma, los resultados encontrados son fuente importante de información para el
diseño e implementación de políticas públicas orientadas a la reducción de este tipo de
infecciones.
This research work evaluates the impact of the intervention of the National Rural Sanitation Program - PNSR, on acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age for the period 2010 -2019. Two methodologies are used to carry out the impact evaluation, the first a panel data with district fixed effects and the second a difference-in- differences model with multiple time periods and variation in the timing of treatment proposed by Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021). The results found suggest that the PNSR intervention decreases cases of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age by 1 to 2.2 cases per 100 children under five years of age. Likewise, the present study evaluates heterogeneous effects, finding that the districts with the lowest level of coverage and quality of drinking water before the PNSR intervention are the ones that benefit the most from the program. Similarly, other heterogeneous effects are analyzed, such as monetary poverty quintile, natural region and percentage of rurality. Finally, the impact of completing an additional project, temporal exposure and per capita investment in drinking water and sanitation projects on cases of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age is evaluated. In sum, the results found are an important source of information for the design and implementation of public policies aimed at reducing this type of infections.
This research work evaluates the impact of the intervention of the National Rural Sanitation Program - PNSR, on acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age for the period 2010 -2019. Two methodologies are used to carry out the impact evaluation, the first a panel data with district fixed effects and the second a difference-in- differences model with multiple time periods and variation in the timing of treatment proposed by Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021). The results found suggest that the PNSR intervention decreases cases of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age by 1 to 2.2 cases per 100 children under five years of age. Likewise, the present study evaluates heterogeneous effects, finding that the districts with the lowest level of coverage and quality of drinking water before the PNSR intervention are the ones that benefit the most from the program. Similarly, other heterogeneous effects are analyzed, such as monetary poverty quintile, natural region and percentage of rurality. Finally, the impact of completing an additional project, temporal exposure and per capita investment in drinking water and sanitation projects on cases of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age is evaluated. In sum, the results found are an important source of information for the design and implementation of public policies aimed at reducing this type of infections.
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Keywords
Saneamiento rural--Perú, Políticas públicas--Perú, Abastecimiento de agua rural--Perú, Infecciones respiratorias--Perú, Aparato respiratorio--Enfermedades--Perú
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