Transformación del sector salud en Perú hacia 2030: Un estudio prospectivo sobre el impacto y desafíos de la Inteligencia Artificial
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente tesis desarrolla un estudio prospectivo que explora los escenarios
futuros de implementación de inteligencia artificial (IA) en el sistema de salud
peruano hacia el año 2030. Su objetivo general es identificar oportunidades y
desafíos para el desarrollo sostenible mediante el análisis de factores clave que
condicionan dicha implementación. Para ello, se aplicó un enfoque prospectivo
y exploratorio, que combina técnicas como el análisis STEEP, el método Delphi
y los ejes de Schwartz. La evaluación se complementó con el método PDG
(Probabilidad, Deseabilidad y Gobernabilidad) para jerarquizar los escenarios.
Se identificaron 59 factores de cambio, de los cuales ocho se destacaron por su
alta importancia e incertidumbre, formando los ejes clave: gobernanza ética y
confianza pública y capacidad de innovación y adopción tecnológica. A partir de
ellos, se construyeron cuatro escenarios plausibles, siendo el más deseable y
gobernable el de una “transformación ética e innovadora del sistema de salud”.
Entre las principales conclusiones, se destaca que la IA puede optimizar
diagnósticos, personalizar tratamientos y mejorar la gestión hospitalaria; sin
embargo, su adopción enfrenta barreras como la limitada infraestructura digital,
la falta de regulación específica y la escasa capacitación profesional. Se enfatiza
que el éxito de su integración dependerá de inversiones sostenidas en
innovación y desarrollo (I+D), marcos regulatorios robustos y una cultura de
innovación. Asimismo, se recomienda fomentar la alfabetización digital y la
participación multisectorial para garantizar una implementación ética, equitativa
y sostenible.
This thesis presents a foresight study that explores future scenarios for the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Peruvian healthcare system by the year 2030. Its general objective is to identify opportunities and challenges for sustainable development through the analysis of key factors that influence such implementation. A prospective and exploratory approach was applied, combining techniques such as STEEP analysis, the Delphi method, and Schwartz’s axes. The evaluation was complemented by the PDG method (Probability, Desirability, and Governability) to prioritize the scenarios. A total of 59 change drivers were identified, of which eight stood out due to their high importance and uncertainty, forming the key axes: ethical governance and public trust, and the capacity for innovation and technological adoption. Based on these, four plausible scenarios were developed, the most desirable and governable being a “transformative and ethically grounded health system.” Among the main conclusions, AI is expected to optimize diagnostics, personalize treatments, and improve hospital management. However, its adoption faces several barriers, including limited digital infrastructure, lack of specific regulations, and insufficient professional training. The success of AI integration will depend on sustained investment in research and development (R&D), robust regulatory frameworks, and a strong culture of innovation. Furthermore, promoting digital literacy and multisectoral participation is recommended to ensure an ethical, equitable, and sustainable implementation.
This thesis presents a foresight study that explores future scenarios for the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Peruvian healthcare system by the year 2030. Its general objective is to identify opportunities and challenges for sustainable development through the analysis of key factors that influence such implementation. A prospective and exploratory approach was applied, combining techniques such as STEEP analysis, the Delphi method, and Schwartz’s axes. The evaluation was complemented by the PDG method (Probability, Desirability, and Governability) to prioritize the scenarios. A total of 59 change drivers were identified, of which eight stood out due to their high importance and uncertainty, forming the key axes: ethical governance and public trust, and the capacity for innovation and technological adoption. Based on these, four plausible scenarios were developed, the most desirable and governable being a “transformative and ethically grounded health system.” Among the main conclusions, AI is expected to optimize diagnostics, personalize treatments, and improve hospital management. However, its adoption faces several barriers, including limited digital infrastructure, lack of specific regulations, and insufficient professional training. The success of AI integration will depend on sustained investment in research and development (R&D), robust regulatory frameworks, and a strong culture of innovation. Furthermore, promoting digital literacy and multisectoral participation is recommended to ensure an ethical, equitable, and sustainable implementation.
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Administración de servicios de salud--Tecnología de la información, Inteligencia artificial, Transformación digital, Política de salud--Perú
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