Estimulación de la capacidad de crear problemas por variación sobre sistemas de inecuaciones lineales con dos incógnitas, en docentes de matemática de nivel secundario
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2021-08-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El desarrollo de la presente investigación se justifica por la necesidad de mejorar la
capacidad de crear problemas en los docentes de matemática de nivel secundario
respecto a los sistemas de inecuaciones lineales con dos incógnitas. Este objeto
matemático es un conocimiento muy importante, pero es poco tratado en la enseñanza
escolar, y por ello, los docentes presentan dificultades al presentar problemas adecuados
para que los estudiantes puedan lograr su comprensión. Esta investigación tiene por
objetivo general analizar cómo la estrategia Episodio de clase, Problema pre, Problema
pos, estimula la capacidad de crear problemas por variación, sobre sistemas de
inecuaciones lineales con dos incógnitas, en docentes de matemática de nivel
secundario. Para lograr este objetivo, se implementó un taller de creación de problemas
con docentes de matemática del nivel secundario, en un entorno virtual. Este taller se
realizó en tres sesiones de tres horas cada una. En la investigación se presenta la
planificación, la parte experimental y el análisis de los resultados de tres docentes que
asistieron a toda la secuencia de actividades propuestas. Se realizó una adaptación de
la rúbrica que utilizó Martínez (2015) para evaluar la creatividad de un problema
considerando la flexibilidad, originalidad y fluidez, como lo sugiere Malaspina (2014b).
Finalmente, se comparó los resultados obtenidos entre la actividad de exploración inicial,
durante el taller de creación de problemas y la actividad de exploración final. Los
resultados mostraron un cambio favorable en la capacidad de crear problemas
concluyendo que la estrategia EPP propuesta por Malaspina (2013a) logra estimular la
capacidad de crear problemas por variación sobre sistemas de inecuaciones lineales con
dos incógnitas.
The development of this research is justified by the need to improve the ability to create problems in secondary level mathematics teachers with respect to systems of linear inequalities with two unknowns. This mathematical object is a very important knowledge, but it is little treated in school education, and therefore, teachers have difficulties when presenting appropriate problems so that students can achieve their understanding. The general objective of this research is to analyze how the strategy Class Episode, Problem Pre, Problem Pos, stimulates the ability to create problems by variation, on systems of linear inequalities with two unknowns, in mathematics teachers at secondary level. To achieve this objective, a problem-creation workshop was implemented with mathematics teachers at the secondary level, in a virtual environment. This workshop was held in three sessions of three hours each. The research presents the planning, the experimental part and the analysis of the results of three teachers who attended the entire sequence of proposed activities. An adaptation of the rubric used by Martínez (2015) was made to evaluate the creativity of a problem considering flexibility, originality and fluency, as suggested by Malaspina (2014b). Finally, the results obtained between the initial exploration activity, during the problem creation workshop, and the final exploration activity were compared. The results showed a favorable change in the ability to create problems, concluding that the EPP strategy proposed by Malaspina (2013a) manages to stimulate the ability to create problems by variation on systems of linear inequalities with two unknowns.
The development of this research is justified by the need to improve the ability to create problems in secondary level mathematics teachers with respect to systems of linear inequalities with two unknowns. This mathematical object is a very important knowledge, but it is little treated in school education, and therefore, teachers have difficulties when presenting appropriate problems so that students can achieve their understanding. The general objective of this research is to analyze how the strategy Class Episode, Problem Pre, Problem Pos, stimulates the ability to create problems by variation, on systems of linear inequalities with two unknowns, in mathematics teachers at secondary level. To achieve this objective, a problem-creation workshop was implemented with mathematics teachers at the secondary level, in a virtual environment. This workshop was held in three sessions of three hours each. The research presents the planning, the experimental part and the analysis of the results of three teachers who attended the entire sequence of proposed activities. An adaptation of the rubric used by Martínez (2015) was made to evaluate the creativity of a problem considering flexibility, originality and fluency, as suggested by Malaspina (2014b). Finally, the results obtained between the initial exploration activity, during the problem creation workshop, and the final exploration activity were compared. The results showed a favorable change in the ability to create problems, concluding that the EPP strategy proposed by Malaspina (2013a) manages to stimulate the ability to create problems by variation on systems of linear inequalities with two unknowns.
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Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria), Personal docente, Educación virtual
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