La incorporación de la Rooney Rule como mecanismo idóneo para incrementar la presencia femenina en los directorios de las sociedades anónimas abiertas del mercado de valores peruano
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
Esta tesis aborda la falta de presencia femenina en los directorios de las
sociedades anónimas abiertas en el Perú y propone soluciones viables para
incrementar su participación. El objetivo principal es analizar las causas de
esta brecha, evaluar medidas implementadas en otros países y diseñar una
alternativa adaptada a la realidad peruana.
La investigación utiliza un enfoque descriptivo y analítico, basándose normas
y en marcos normativos tanto nacionales e internacionales, estudios
empíricos y teorías sobre discriminación estructural y buen gobierno
corporativo. Se identificó que la principal barrera para la inclusión femenina
es la discriminación estructural hacia la mujer.
Entre las soluciones analizadas, se descarta la imposición de cuotas de
género obligatorias debido a su limitada viabilidad en el contexto peruano.
En su defecto, se propone la Rooney Rule, una medida que fomenta la
diversidad al requerir que, al menos el 30% de los candidatos considerados
para un directorio, sean mujeres. Este modelo se basa en la autorregulación
de las empresas, complementada por incentivos de transparencia,
promovidos por la Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores (SMV),
mediante los actuales reportes de Sostenibilidad y Cumplimiento del Código
de Buen Gobierno Corporativo. Se propone incluir en dichos reportes una
pregunta específica sobre el porcentaje de mujeres candidatas a los puestos
de directorio entrevistadas, como una medida concreta para fomentar la
diversidad de género en los procesos de selección.
La implementación de esta propuesta respeta la libertad de empresa y, al
mismo tiempo, promueve los valores constitucionales de igualdad y no
discriminación. Además, contribuye al desarrollo de una cultura empresarial
más inclusiva, posicionando a las empresas peruanas como actores
competitivos en un mercado global que valora cada vez más la
sostenibilidad, el respeto a los Derechos Humanos y la diversidad.
This thesis addresses the lack of female representation in the boards of publicly listed companies in Peru and proposes viable solutions to increase their participation. The main objective is to analyze the causes of this gap, evaluate measures implemented in other countries, and design an alternative adapted to the Peruvian context. The research uses a descriptive and analytical approach, relying on both national and international standards and regulatory frameworks, empirical studies, and theories on structural discrimination and corporate governance. It was identified that the main barrier to female inclusion is structural discrimination against women. Among the solutions analyzed, the imposition of mandatory gender quotas is discarded due to its limited viability in the Peruvian context. Instead, the Rooney Rule is proposed, a measure that fosters diversity by requiring that at least 30% of candidates considered for board positions be women. This model is based on self-regulation by companies, complemented by transparency incentives promoted by the Superintendence of the Securities Market (SMV), through the current reports. It is proposed to include in these reports a specific question about the percentage of female candidates interviewed for board positions as a concrete measure to promote gender diversity in selection processes. The implementation of this proposal respects business freedom while promoting the constitutional values of equality and non-discrimination. Moreover, it contributes to the development of a more inclusive business culture, positioning Peruvian companies as competitive players in a global market that values sustainability, respect for Human Rights and diversity.
This thesis addresses the lack of female representation in the boards of publicly listed companies in Peru and proposes viable solutions to increase their participation. The main objective is to analyze the causes of this gap, evaluate measures implemented in other countries, and design an alternative adapted to the Peruvian context. The research uses a descriptive and analytical approach, relying on both national and international standards and regulatory frameworks, empirical studies, and theories on structural discrimination and corporate governance. It was identified that the main barrier to female inclusion is structural discrimination against women. Among the solutions analyzed, the imposition of mandatory gender quotas is discarded due to its limited viability in the Peruvian context. Instead, the Rooney Rule is proposed, a measure that fosters diversity by requiring that at least 30% of candidates considered for board positions be women. This model is based on self-regulation by companies, complemented by transparency incentives promoted by the Superintendence of the Securities Market (SMV), through the current reports. It is proposed to include in these reports a specific question about the percentage of female candidates interviewed for board positions as a concrete measure to promote gender diversity in selection processes. The implementation of this proposal respects business freedom while promoting the constitutional values of equality and non-discrimination. Moreover, it contributes to the development of a more inclusive business culture, positioning Peruvian companies as competitive players in a global market that values sustainability, respect for Human Rights and diversity.
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Mujeres--Igualdad de oportunidades--España, Discriminación sexual--Derecho--Perú, Mujeres ejecutivas--Perú, Liderazgo en mujeres--Perú
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