Informe jurídico sobre la sentencia de vista recaída en el expediente No. 1556-2022-0-0901-JR-LA-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe jurídico analiza si el cese del trabajador Fedor Emilio Oré
Espinoza por parte de Saga Falabella constituyó un despido fraudulento por la
causal de falta de tipicidad y fabricación de pruebas, luego de imputársele la
comisión de faltas graves previstas en los literales a) y d) del artículo 25 del TUO
de la Ley de Productividad y Competitividad Laboral (LPCL) por otorgar
descuentos promocionales de “Oportunidad Única” a aquellos clientes que no
realizaban las compras con las tarjetas autorizadas por la empresa.
Para el análisis del caso, se emplea principalmente el TUO de la LPCL (artículo
25) y los alcances desarrollados por reiterada jurisprudencia a fin de determinar
si se configuraron las faltas imputadas previstas en los literales a) y d). Por otro
lado, el despido fraudulento al ser una figura creada jurisprudencialmente a partir
de la sentencia recaída en expediente N.º 976-2001-AA/TC, debe evaluarse de
acuerdo a los criterios adoptados los órganos jurisdiccionales, concretamente en
lo concerniente a la falta de tipicidad y fabricación de pruebas.
Se concluye que no se configuró un despido fraudulento, pues el trabajador fue
previamente informado sobre la prohibición de aplicar tales descuentos a través
de diversos instrumentos normativos internos (memorándums) que regulaban
expresamente las pautas exigidas en dichos casos. Asimismo, su proceder, si
bien posibilitó que perciba diversos bonos por meta de ventas, le generó un
perjuicio económico a la empresa. Por último, la auditoría efectuada no
constituye una prueba fabricada al desvirtuarse que el incumplimiento del
trabajador provino de un esquema irregular instaurado.
This legal report analyzes whether the termination of employee Fedor Emilio Oré Espinoza by Saga Falabella constituted a fraudulent dismissal based on the grounds of lack of typicity and fabrication of evidence, after being accused of committing serious misconduct as outlined in items (a) and (d) of Article 25 of the Consolidated Text of the Law on Labor Productivity and Competitiveness (LPCL) for granting “Oportunidad Única” promotional discounts to customers who did not use the company’s authorized payment cards. For the case analysis, Article 25 of the LPCL and the scope developed through consistent case law are primarily employed to determine whether the alleged infractions under items (a) and (d) were established. Furthermore, since fraudulent dismissal is a jurisprudential concept derived from the Constitutional Court’s decision in case No. 976-2001-AA/TC, the evaluation must adhere to the criteria adopted by judicial bodies, specifically regarding the lack of typicity and fabrication of evidence. It is concluded that no fraudulent dismissal occurred, as the employee had been previously informed—through various internal regulatory instruments (memorandums)—of the prohibition against applying such discounts, which clearly outlined the applicable rules. Moreover, although his actions enabled him to earn sales-based bonuses, they also caused economic harm to the company. Lastly, the internal audit does not constitute fabricated evidence, as it was proven that the employee's misconduct did not stem from an irregular or systemic practice within the company.
This legal report analyzes whether the termination of employee Fedor Emilio Oré Espinoza by Saga Falabella constituted a fraudulent dismissal based on the grounds of lack of typicity and fabrication of evidence, after being accused of committing serious misconduct as outlined in items (a) and (d) of Article 25 of the Consolidated Text of the Law on Labor Productivity and Competitiveness (LPCL) for granting “Oportunidad Única” promotional discounts to customers who did not use the company’s authorized payment cards. For the case analysis, Article 25 of the LPCL and the scope developed through consistent case law are primarily employed to determine whether the alleged infractions under items (a) and (d) were established. Furthermore, since fraudulent dismissal is a jurisprudential concept derived from the Constitutional Court’s decision in case No. 976-2001-AA/TC, the evaluation must adhere to the criteria adopted by judicial bodies, specifically regarding the lack of typicity and fabrication of evidence. It is concluded that no fraudulent dismissal occurred, as the employee had been previously informed—through various internal regulatory instruments (memorandums)—of the prohibition against applying such discounts, which clearly outlined the applicable rules. Moreover, although his actions enabled him to earn sales-based bonuses, they also caused economic harm to the company. Lastly, the internal audit does not constitute fabricated evidence, as it was proven that the employee's misconduct did not stem from an irregular or systemic practice within the company.
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Despido de empleados--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Buena fe (Derecho)--Perú, Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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