Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia Nº 37-2012-PA/TC emitida por el Tribunal Constitucional
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2022-08-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente caso se trata de una demanda de amparo contra resolución judicial,
específicamente, una resolución emitida por nuestra Corte Suprema en el ejercicio de sus
competencias.
A partir de la Sentencia surgen varias discusiones en torno a la procedencia de la demanda
de amparo, el conflicto de competencias entre el Tribunal Constitucional y la Corte Suprema,
el rol del Tribunal Constitucional en el control de constitucionalidad, la participación de la
parte vencedora en el proceso ordinario. Adicionalmente, se suman las diversas críticas que
ha realizado un sector de la doctrina sobre el amparo contra resolución judicial que generan
cuestionamientos sobre ciertos aspectos que caracterizan a este proceso.
Debido a ello, este trabajo propone analizar y responder, con base a fuentes normativas y
doctrinarias, a la problemática sobre el conflicto de competencias que surge cuando el
Tribunal Constitucional revisa el fondo de una resolución judicial emitida por un órgano
jurisdiccional en el ejercicio de sus competencias, así como reflexionar sobre el límite al
control constitucional de una resolución judicial, a fin de destacar la importancia de dicha
actividad en salvaguardia de los derechos fundamentales y la vigencia del Estado
Constitucional de Derecho.
Por otro lado, se analizará la posición de la parte que obtuvo una pronunciamiento a su
favor en sede ordinaria, pero debido al amparo interpuesto, verá posiblemente afectado su
derecho a la cosa juzgada y la ejecutabilidad de las resoluciones judiciales. A partir de ello,
propondremos algunas disposiciones cuyo propósito será proporcionar de mayor
protagonista.
This case is about a judicial protection against a judicial decision, specifically, a decision issued by Supreme Court in the exercise of its powers. As from the judgment, several discussions have arisen regarding the admissibility of the amparo claim, the conflict of competence between the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court, the role of the Constitutional Court in the control of constitutionality, the participation of the winning party in the ordinary proceeding. In addition, there are several criticisms made by a sector of the doctrine on the amparo against judicial decision that generate questions on certain aspects that characterize this process. Therefore, this paper proposes to analyze and respond, based on normative and doctrinal sources, to the problem of the conflict of competences that arises when the Constitutional Court reviews the merits of a judicial resolution issued by a jurisdictional body in the exercise of its competences, as well as to reflect on the limit to the constitutional control of a judicial resolution, in order to highlight the importance of such activity in safeguarding fundamental rights and the validity of the Constitutional Rule of Law. On the other hand, we will analyze the position of the party that obtained a ruling in its favor in the ordinary courts, but due to the amparo filed, will possibly see its right to res judicata and the enforceability of judicial decisions affected. Based on this, we will propose some provisions whose purpose will be to provide a greater protagonist.
This case is about a judicial protection against a judicial decision, specifically, a decision issued by Supreme Court in the exercise of its powers. As from the judgment, several discussions have arisen regarding the admissibility of the amparo claim, the conflict of competence between the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court, the role of the Constitutional Court in the control of constitutionality, the participation of the winning party in the ordinary proceeding. In addition, there are several criticisms made by a sector of the doctrine on the amparo against judicial decision that generate questions on certain aspects that characterize this process. Therefore, this paper proposes to analyze and respond, based on normative and doctrinal sources, to the problem of the conflict of competences that arises when the Constitutional Court reviews the merits of a judicial resolution issued by a jurisdictional body in the exercise of its competences, as well as to reflect on the limit to the constitutional control of a judicial resolution, in order to highlight the importance of such activity in safeguarding fundamental rights and the validity of the Constitutional Rule of Law. On the other hand, we will analyze the position of the party that obtained a ruling in its favor in the ordinary courts, but due to the amparo filed, will possibly see its right to res judicata and the enforceability of judicial decisions affected. Based on this, we will propose some provisions whose purpose will be to provide a greater protagonist.
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Recurso de amparo, Cosa juzgada, Sentencias, Control constitucional--Perú, Tribunales constitucionales--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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