Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional recaída en el Expediente No. 00021-2014-PI/TC, sobre la constitucionalidad del régimen laboral de la micro y pequeñas empresas: ¿es acaso una idea reducida de progreso la interpretación efectuada por el Tribunal Constitucional?
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El contexto político y económico actual no constituye una novedad, sino que representa
la continuidad de tendencias que se han consolidado en nuestro país y a nivel global
durante más de treinta años. En este periodo, las políticas orientadas a los nuevos
fenómenos empresariales privilegian sistemáticamente los intereses del capital,
relegando a un segundo plano la dimensión social y los derechos de cientos de miles
de personas trabajadoras, evidenciando la lógica de acumulación y explotación
inherente al sistema. A ello se suma una carrera desordenada hacia la formalización
consolidación y crecimiento empresarial donde, paradójicamente, todo parece estar
permitido salvo la exigencia de un trabajo decente y digno. Por esta razón, resulta
fundamental visibilizar y problematizar aquello que permanece invisible o resulta
indiferente para las élites político-económicas y, en ocasiones, para los propios
magistrados del Tribunal Constitucional. Esta política de fomento y promoción, vigente
desde hace más de dos décadas, no ha logrado modificar de manera significativa los
elevados índices de informalidad laboral. El 27 de mayo de 2025 se promulgó la Ley No.
32353, Ley para la formalización, desarrollo y competitividad de la micro y pequeña
empresa (MYPE), cuyo objetivo es incentivar la creación y formalización de micro y
pequeñas empresas mediante un régimen de incentivos tributarios y laborales. Si bien
esta norma introduce algunos cambios respecto a su predecesora, el Decreto Supremo
N.º 013-2013-PRODUCE, en esencia mantiene la misma lógica, lo que invita a
cuestionar su potencial transformador en términos de justicia social y constitucionalidad.
The current political and economic context does not constitute a novelty; rather, it represents the continuity of trends that have become consolidated in our country and globally for more than thirty years. During this period, policies aimed at new business phenomena have systematically favored the interests of capital, relegating the social dimension and the rights of hundreds of thousands of workers to the background, thus revealing the logic of accumulation and exploitation inherent to the system. Added to this is a disorderly race toward business and labor formalization, in which, paradoxically, everything seems to be permitted except the demand for decent and dignified work. For this reason, it is essential to make visible and problematize what remains invisible or is met with indifference by the political-economic elites and, at times, even by the magistrates of the Constitutional Court. This policy of formalization and promotion, in force for more than two decades, has not succeeded in significantly modifying the high levels of labor informality. Nevertheless, on May 27, 2025, Ley No. 32353, the Law for the Formalization, Development, and Competitiveness of Micro and Small Enterprises (MYPE), was enacted, aiming to encourage the creation and formalization of micro and small enterprises through a system of tax and labor incentives. Although this law introduces some changes compared to its predecessor, Decreto Supremo No. 013- 2013-PRODUCE, it essentially maintains the same structural logic, which calls into question its transformative potential in terms of social justice and constitutionality.
The current political and economic context does not constitute a novelty; rather, it represents the continuity of trends that have become consolidated in our country and globally for more than thirty years. During this period, policies aimed at new business phenomena have systematically favored the interests of capital, relegating the social dimension and the rights of hundreds of thousands of workers to the background, thus revealing the logic of accumulation and exploitation inherent to the system. Added to this is a disorderly race toward business and labor formalization, in which, paradoxically, everything seems to be permitted except the demand for decent and dignified work. For this reason, it is essential to make visible and problematize what remains invisible or is met with indifference by the political-economic elites and, at times, even by the magistrates of the Constitutional Court. This policy of formalization and promotion, in force for more than two decades, has not succeeded in significantly modifying the high levels of labor informality. Nevertheless, on May 27, 2025, Ley No. 32353, the Law for the Formalization, Development, and Competitiveness of Micro and Small Enterprises (MYPE), was enacted, aiming to encourage the creation and formalization of micro and small enterprises through a system of tax and labor incentives. Although this law introduces some changes compared to its predecessor, Decreto Supremo No. 013- 2013-PRODUCE, it essentially maintains the same structural logic, which calls into question its transformative potential in terms of social justice and constitutionality.
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Perú. Tribunal Constitucional--Jurisprudencia, Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Sector informal--Perú, Pequeñas empresas--Legislación--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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