Tipificación estructural de edificaciones patrimoniales utilizando herramientas modernas de gestión y visualización: aplicación en iglesias andinas de Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Las iglesias históricas de mampostería están expuestas a sufrir daños o derrumbes a causa
de los terremotos, provocando pérdidas en el Patrimonio Cultural. El estudio de su
comportamiento sísmico implica analizar un importante volumen de información y requiere un
considerable esfuerzo computacional y tiempo. Esta tarea se complica debido a la falta e
inaccesibilidad de información estructural de las edificaciones. Como solución, es necesario
implementar enfoques que simplifiquen su comprensión estructural y emplear herramientas
digitales que faciliten la creación, gestión y análisis de la información técnica.
Este trabajo describe la implementación de una estrategia integral para la tipificación
estructural de edificios históricos ubicados en regiones propensas a terremotos utilizando
tecnologías digitales como HBIM y Realidad Aumentada. La investigación presenta un análisis
detallado de una muestra seleccionada de casos de estudio en la región andina de Perú en los
que se identificaron características estructurales y arquitectónicas clave, con el objetivo de
proponer una clasificación tipológica preliminar. Esta tipificación fue luego optimizada
mediante el análisis de su aplicación en un conjunto de datos más amplio compuesto por 311
iglesias de la región de los Andes Centrales. Esto permitió formalizar 12 tipologías
estructurales, las cuales demostraron tener el potencial de proporcionar una descripción precisa
de las características geométricas, materiales y estructurales de las iglesias andinas.
La tesis resalta la importancia de combinar tecnologías digitales y análisis integrales de
ingeniería para crear herramientas que faciliten el desarrollo de evaluaciones estructurales y de
vulnerabilidad sísmica a escala territorial. Para el estudio, estas herramientas mejoraron los
procesos de gestión de la información técnica y facilitaron la comunicación y la toma de
decisiones entre los interesados. Finalmente, este trabajo aumenta el conocimiento técnico de
las iglesias andinas, contribuyendo a su visibilidad y reconocimiento patrimonial debido a la
facilidad de acceso a la información para usuarios especializados y no especializados.
Masonry historic churches are exposed to damage or collapse due to earthquakes, causing losses to the Cultural Heritage. The seismic performance of these building stock involves analyzing a significant volume of information and requires considerable computational efforts, time, and economic investment. Moreover, this task is complicated due to the lack and inaccessibility of structural information. As a solution, it is necessary to implement approaches that simplify their structural understanding and to employ digital tools that facilitate the creation, management, and analysis of technical information. This work describes the implementation of a comprehensive strategy for the structural typification of historical buildings located in earthquake-prone regions using digital technologies such as HBIM and Augmented Reality. It starts by presenting a detailed analysis of a selected sample of case studies in the Andean region of Peru in which key structural and architectural features were identified, aiming at proposing a preliminary typological classification. This typification was then optimized by analyzing its application in a larger data set consisting of 311 churches of the Central Andes region. This allowed formalizing 12 structural typologies, which demonstrated to have the potential to provide an accurate description of the geometrical, material, and structural characteristics of Andean churches. The thesis underlines the importance of combining digital technologies and comprehensive engineering analyses for creating tools that will facilitate further structural evaluations and seismic vulnerability assessments at a territorial scale. For the study, these tools improved information management processes and facilitated communication and decision-making among stakeholders. Finally, this work increases the technical knowledge of the building stock of Andean churches, contributing to their visibility and heritage recognition due to the ease of access to information for specialized and non-specialized users.
Masonry historic churches are exposed to damage or collapse due to earthquakes, causing losses to the Cultural Heritage. The seismic performance of these building stock involves analyzing a significant volume of information and requires considerable computational efforts, time, and economic investment. Moreover, this task is complicated due to the lack and inaccessibility of structural information. As a solution, it is necessary to implement approaches that simplify their structural understanding and to employ digital tools that facilitate the creation, management, and analysis of technical information. This work describes the implementation of a comprehensive strategy for the structural typification of historical buildings located in earthquake-prone regions using digital technologies such as HBIM and Augmented Reality. It starts by presenting a detailed analysis of a selected sample of case studies in the Andean region of Peru in which key structural and architectural features were identified, aiming at proposing a preliminary typological classification. This typification was then optimized by analyzing its application in a larger data set consisting of 311 churches of the Central Andes region. This allowed formalizing 12 structural typologies, which demonstrated to have the potential to provide an accurate description of the geometrical, material, and structural characteristics of Andean churches. The thesis underlines the importance of combining digital technologies and comprehensive engineering analyses for creating tools that will facilitate further structural evaluations and seismic vulnerability assessments at a territorial scale. For the study, these tools improved information management processes and facilitated communication and decision-making among stakeholders. Finally, this work increases the technical knowledge of the building stock of Andean churches, contributing to their visibility and heritage recognition due to the ease of access to information for specialized and non-specialized users.
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Análisis estructural (Ingeniería), Mampostería, Iglesias--Perú--Conservación y restauración, Ingeniería antisísmica--Análisis