Informe jurídico de la sentencia 490/2020 recaída en el Expediente No. 00753-2016-PA/TC
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2025-03-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El presente informe tiene por objeto analizar la Sentencia 490/2020 recaída en el
Expediente No. 00753-2016-PA/TC, mediante la cual el Tribunal Constitucional ordenó
dejar sin efecto el acuerdo de junta que excluyó a Juan Vilcas Ferrer y Javier Luis Paúcar
Capacyachi como accionistas de Empresa de Transportes y Servicios Múltiples Alfa
S.A., mediante la aplicación de una causal de exclusión —implementada vía
Reglamento Interno—, por la comisión de presuntas irregularidades detectadas en los
estados financieros correspondientes a los ejercicios 2011 y 2012, en los cuales los
accionistas citados ocuparon cargos directivos. Sobre el particular, la decisión se
fundamentó en la vulneración al derecho a la defensa de los accionistas excluidos, toda
vez que no pudieron presentar descargos ante los hechos imputados que motivaron la
junta, y que tal adoleció de vicios en su convocatoria por falta de especificidad en el
punto de agenda que propuso abordar su exclusión.
En ese sentido, se busca evaluar si el Tribunal Constitucional valoró correctamente la
presunta causal de exclusión de accionistas a efectos de verificar su validez a nivel de
implementación, así como su aplicación en el caso concreto. Para tales efectos se revisó
la Ley General de Sociedades como marco normativo aplicable y se determinó que las
sociedades anónimas ordinarias pueden implementar causales de exclusión de
accionistas, asimismo, se identificó que el Tribunal Constitucional omitió pronunciarse
sobre la validez de la causal de exclusión empleada en el caso y prosiguió con su
análisis mediante una errada validación tácita del ejercicio de autorregulación.
The purpose of this report is to analyze Ruling 490/2020 issued in Case No. 00753-2016- PA/TC, whereby the Constitutional Court ordered to annul the resolution of the shareholders meeting that excluded Juan Vilcas Ferrer and Javier Luis Paúcar Capacyachi as shareholders of Empresa de Transportes y Servicios Múltiples Alfa S.A., through the application of a cause for exclusion —implemented through internal regulations—, for alleged irregularities detected in the financial statements corresponding to the years 2011 and 2012, in which the aforementioned shareholders held executive positions. In this regard, the decision was based on the violation of the right to defense of the excluded shareholders, since they were not able to exercise their defense to the alleged facts that motivated the meeting, and that the meeting was legally flawed due to the lack of specificity in the agenda item that proposed to address their exclusion. In this sense, this report aims to evaluate whether the Constitutional Court correctly assessed the alleged cause for exclusion of shareholders in order to verify its validity, both in its implementation as well as its application in the specific case. For such purposes, the General Corporation Law was reviewed as the applicable regulatory framework and it was determined that ordinary corporations may implement causes for exclusion of shareholders. It was also identified that the Constitutional Court failed to review the validity of the cause for exclusion used in the case and continued with its analysis through an erroneous tacit validation of the exercise of self-regulation.
The purpose of this report is to analyze Ruling 490/2020 issued in Case No. 00753-2016- PA/TC, whereby the Constitutional Court ordered to annul the resolution of the shareholders meeting that excluded Juan Vilcas Ferrer and Javier Luis Paúcar Capacyachi as shareholders of Empresa de Transportes y Servicios Múltiples Alfa S.A., through the application of a cause for exclusion —implemented through internal regulations—, for alleged irregularities detected in the financial statements corresponding to the years 2011 and 2012, in which the aforementioned shareholders held executive positions. In this regard, the decision was based on the violation of the right to defense of the excluded shareholders, since they were not able to exercise their defense to the alleged facts that motivated the meeting, and that the meeting was legally flawed due to the lack of specificity in the agenda item that proposed to address their exclusion. In this sense, this report aims to evaluate whether the Constitutional Court correctly assessed the alleged cause for exclusion of shareholders in order to verify its validity, both in its implementation as well as its application in the specific case. For such purposes, the General Corporation Law was reviewed as the applicable regulatory framework and it was determined that ordinary corporations may implement causes for exclusion of shareholders. It was also identified that the Constitutional Court failed to review the validity of the cause for exclusion used in the case and continued with its analysis through an erroneous tacit validation of the exercise of self-regulation.
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Sociedades comerciales--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho constitucional--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Perú. Tribunal Constitucional--Jurisprudencia, Accionistas
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