Apego adulto y conductas externalizantes en un grupo de jóvenes universitarios de seis ciudades del Perú
Date
2018-09-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Bowlby plantea la importancia del vínculo de apego en el desarrollo socioemocional y la
salud mental del individuo. Contar con un estilo de apego inseguro y haber tenido un cuidador
principal poco sensible podría llevar al desarrollo posterior de conductas antisociales, como
la conducta criminal. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir la relación entre
el apego adulto y las conductas externalizantes –Conducta Agresiva y Quiebre de Normasen
un grupo de universitarios de Lima, Huaraz, Cusco, Huancayo, Arequipa y Cajamarca.
Para este propósito, se evaluó a 852 jóvenes con edades entre 18 y 25 años (M = 20.18, DE
= 1.88) utilizando el Cuestionario de Relación (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) y el Adult
Self Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003). Se obtuvo que la dimensión de Ansiedad, mas
no la de Evitación, se relaciona significativamente con las dos dimensiones de conductas
externalizantes. Así, considerando que los niveles de ansiedad se asocian con la aparición de
emociones negativas y la desregulación afectiva, las conductas externalizantes serían
empleadas por individuos con ansiedad con el fin de alcanzar proximidad de las figuras
significativas. Además, se encontró que los estudiantes de Cusco tuvieron las puntuaciones
más altas en ambas conductas externalizantes. Finalmente, las mujeres presentan niveles más
altos de conducta agresiva que los hombres, mientras que estos últimos presentan niveles
más altos de quiebre de normas.
Bowlby proposes the importance of the attachment bond in the socio-emotional development and mental health of the individual. Having an insecure attachment style and a non-sensitive primary caregiver could lead to the further development of antisocial behaviors, such as criminal behavior. This research aims to describe the relationship between the attachment styles and externalizing behaviors –Aggressive Behavior and Rule Breaking Behavior- in a group of undergraduates in Lima, Huaraz, Cusco, Huancayo, Arequipa and Cajamarca. For this purpose, we evaluated 852 young adults aged between 18 and 2 5 years (M = 20.18, DE = 1.88), using the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew y Horowitz, 1991) and the Adult Self Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003). The results revealed that the anxiety dimension is significantly related to both dimensions of externalizing behaviors. Thus, considering that anxiety is associated with the appearance of negative emotions and affective deregulation, externalizing behaviors would be used by people with anxiety in order to achieve proximity to significant others. Also, it was found that the students from Cusco had the highest scores in both externalizing behaviors. Finally, women had higher levels of aggressive behavior than men, while men had higher levels of rule breaking behavior.
Bowlby proposes the importance of the attachment bond in the socio-emotional development and mental health of the individual. Having an insecure attachment style and a non-sensitive primary caregiver could lead to the further development of antisocial behaviors, such as criminal behavior. This research aims to describe the relationship between the attachment styles and externalizing behaviors –Aggressive Behavior and Rule Breaking Behavior- in a group of undergraduates in Lima, Huaraz, Cusco, Huancayo, Arequipa and Cajamarca. For this purpose, we evaluated 852 young adults aged between 18 and 2 5 years (M = 20.18, DE = 1.88), using the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew y Horowitz, 1991) and the Adult Self Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003). The results revealed that the anxiety dimension is significantly related to both dimensions of externalizing behaviors. Thus, considering that anxiety is associated with the appearance of negative emotions and affective deregulation, externalizing behaviors would be used by people with anxiety in order to achieve proximity to significant others. Also, it was found that the students from Cusco had the highest scores in both externalizing behaviors. Finally, women had higher levels of aggressive behavior than men, while men had higher levels of rule breaking behavior.
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Apego, Estudiantes universitarios--Conducta (Psicología), Salud mental--Perú--Investigaciones
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