¿Sin demandas no hay derechos?: Resistencia de la comunidad indígena awajún de Umukay para acceder al sistema de salud público peruano
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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¿Qué ocurre cuando el Estado no garantiza un derecho fundamental como la salud? Esta
investigación explora cómo la comunidad indígena awajún de Umukay responde a esa omisión a
través del uso estratégico del derecho pues tras sufrir severos impactos por derrames de petróleo
entre 2016 y 2019, la comunidad no se resignó a la desprotección: se organizó, movilizó y, en
alianza con actores técnicos y legales, exigió atención urgente y culturalmente pertinente haciendo
que lo que comenzó como una estrategia legal para obtener medidas inmediatas fuese
transformándose, con el tiempo y la articulación comunitaria, en un verdadero litigio estratégico.
Esta evolución no solo buscó respuestas concretas, sino también visibilizar injusticias, incidir en
las políticas públicas y abrir camino hacia cambios estructurales. En ese sentido, a través de un
estudio de caso, se analiza cómo esta estrategia articuló normativas nacionales e internacionales,
saberes propios y una fuerte acción colectiva, logrando que el Estado reconozca una emergencia
sanitaria y apruebe un plan con enfoque de salud intercultural evidenciando que el derecho, lejos
de ser solo un recurso formal, puede convertirse en una herramienta viva de resistencia, exigibilidad
y transformación cuando es activado desde los territorios por quienes enfrentan la desigualdad
estructural.
When the State fails to guarantee a fundamental right such as health, what happens? The study explores how the Awajún Indigenous community of Umukay responds to this omission through the strategic use of the law. Following severe impacts from oil spills between 2016 and 2019, the community refused to resign themselves to unprotection: they organized, mobilized and, in alliance with technical and legal actors, demanded urgent and culturally relevant attention, transforming what began as a legal strategy to obtain immediate measures into a real strategic litigation effort over time and through community coordination. Not only did this evolution seek concrete responses, but it also sought to expose injustices, influence public policy and pave the way for structural change. Through a case study, we analyze how this strategy articulated national and international regulations, indigenous knowledge and strong collective action, achieving state recognition of a health emergency and the approval of a plan with an intercultural health approach, demonstrating that the right, far from being a merely formal resource, can become a living tool of resistance, enforceability and transformation when it is activated from the territories by those who face structural inequality.
When the State fails to guarantee a fundamental right such as health, what happens? The study explores how the Awajún Indigenous community of Umukay responds to this omission through the strategic use of the law. Following severe impacts from oil spills between 2016 and 2019, the community refused to resign themselves to unprotection: they organized, mobilized and, in alliance with technical and legal actors, demanded urgent and culturally relevant attention, transforming what began as a legal strategy to obtain immediate measures into a real strategic litigation effort over time and through community coordination. Not only did this evolution seek concrete responses, but it also sought to expose injustices, influence public policy and pave the way for structural change. Through a case study, we analyze how this strategy articulated national and international regulations, indigenous knowledge and strong collective action, achieving state recognition of a health emergency and the approval of a plan with an intercultural health approach, demonstrating that the right, far from being a merely formal resource, can become a living tool of resistance, enforceability and transformation when it is activated from the territories by those who face structural inequality.
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Derechos fundamentales--Perú, Comunidades indígenas--Derechos--Perú--Amazonía, Región, Salud pública--Perú--Amazonía, Región, Salud pública--Aspectos culturales