El trabajo relacionado al miedo con una paciente víctima de violencia: Una mirada desde el Análisis de la Conversación en un proceso de psicoterapia psicoanalítica focal
Date
2023-11-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El trabajo terapéutico del miedo cobra mucha relevancia con mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica, al tratarse de un afecto predominante en las distintas experiencias y episodios de violencia con la pareja agresora. Guarda también relación con experiencias tempranas de abuso y violencia, y con patrones relacionales en donde muchas veces las víctimas ocupan una posición de indefensión e intensa vulnerabilidad. Por este motivo, el trabajo sobre la experiencia afectiva de esta emoción y los contenidos relacionados a ella contribuiría a una salida de este entrampamiento emocional hacia nuevos entendimientos que favorezcan acciones de cambio. Es desde aquí que el interés de la presente investigación se centra en entender los procesos de interacción terapéutica que toman lugar en el trabajo con el miedo a lo largo de una psicoterapia psicoanalítica focal. Se analizaron segmentos de diálogo en donde se reconoció tal labor específica en diferentes sesiones del proceso psicoterapéutico, siendo la herramienta utilizada fue el Análisis de la Conversación, considerando lo propicio que resultan los análisis basados en el lenguaje en los estudios de proceso en psicoterapia en el plano de la interacción comunicacional real (Antaki, 2007; Georgeaca, 2009). Mediante esta vía, se analizaron las acciones y la interacción entre terapeuta y la paciente a lo largo del proceso terapéutico, los procesos de transformación ocurridos desde la organización secuencial del habla y la relación con el cambio subjetivo. Se encontró que esta emoción fue crucial dentro de las experiencias de violencia abuso relatadas por la paciente, pasadas y presentes. También en relación a distintas temáticas y significados relevantes, y un componente presente en estados de indefensión y vulnerabilidad que excedían la capacidad regulatoria de la paciente, impidiendo su desenvolvimiento en situaciones específicas. En el curso de la interacción terapéutica, fue un vehículo de elaboración importante que facilitó a terapeuta y paciente el abordaje y elaboración de experiencias y contenidos significativos. Fue también un medio que permitía alcanzar un nivel de sintonía afectiva que contribuía a la labor conjunta. Pudo verse también que ciertas acciones eran bastante equiparables a funciones de mentalización y que los segmentos de diálogo analizados tenían una relación clara con el cambio subjetivo alcanzado, al evidenciarse su correspondencia con Episodios y Momentos de Cambio (Krause, 2015)
The emotion of fear becomes very relevant in the therapeutic work with women victims of domestic violence as it is a predominant affect in the different experiences and episodes of violence with the aggressor partner. It is also related to early experiences of abuse and violence, and to relational patterns in which victims often occupy a position of defenselessness and intense vulnerability. For this reason, the work on the affective experience of this emotion and the contents related to it would contribute to a way out of this emotional entrapment towards new understandings that favor actions of change. It is from here that the interest of this research focuses on understanding the processes of therapeutic interaction that take place in the work with fear carried out between therapist and patient throughout a focal psychoanalytic psychotherapy. For this, dialogue segments were analyzed where such specific work was recognized in different sessions of the psychotherapeutic process, which were recorded and transcribed in detail. The tool used was Conversation Analysis, considering how favorable language-based analyzes are in psychotherapy process studies at the level of real communicational interaction (Antaki, 2007; Georgeaca, 2009). Through this route, the actions and interaction between the therapist and the patient throughout the therapeutic process, the transformation processes that occurred from the sequential organization of speech and the relationship with subjective change were analyzed. It was found that this emotion was crucial in the experiences of abuse violence reported by the patient, past and present. Also in relation to different themes and relevant meanings, and a component present in states of helplessness and vulnerability that exceeded the regulatory capacity of the patient, preventing her development in specific situations. In the course of the therapeutic interaction, it was an important elaboration vehicle that facilitated the therapist and patient to approach and elaborate significant experiences and contents. It was also a means that made it possible to reach a level of affective harmony that contributed to joint work. It could also be seen that certain actions were quite comparable to mentalization functions and that the analyzed dialogue segments had a clear relationship with the subjective change achieved, as their correspondence with Episodes and Moments of Change was evidenced (Krause, 2015)
The emotion of fear becomes very relevant in the therapeutic work with women victims of domestic violence as it is a predominant affect in the different experiences and episodes of violence with the aggressor partner. It is also related to early experiences of abuse and violence, and to relational patterns in which victims often occupy a position of defenselessness and intense vulnerability. For this reason, the work on the affective experience of this emotion and the contents related to it would contribute to a way out of this emotional entrapment towards new understandings that favor actions of change. It is from here that the interest of this research focuses on understanding the processes of therapeutic interaction that take place in the work with fear carried out between therapist and patient throughout a focal psychoanalytic psychotherapy. For this, dialogue segments were analyzed where such specific work was recognized in different sessions of the psychotherapeutic process, which were recorded and transcribed in detail. The tool used was Conversation Analysis, considering how favorable language-based analyzes are in psychotherapy process studies at the level of real communicational interaction (Antaki, 2007; Georgeaca, 2009). Through this route, the actions and interaction between the therapist and the patient throughout the therapeutic process, the transformation processes that occurred from the sequential organization of speech and the relationship with subjective change were analyzed. It was found that this emotion was crucial in the experiences of abuse violence reported by the patient, past and present. Also in relation to different themes and relevant meanings, and a component present in states of helplessness and vulnerability that exceeded the regulatory capacity of the patient, preventing her development in specific situations. In the course of the therapeutic interaction, it was an important elaboration vehicle that facilitated the therapist and patient to approach and elaborate significant experiences and contents. It was also a means that made it possible to reach a level of affective harmony that contributed to joint work. It could also be seen that certain actions were quite comparable to mentalization functions and that the analyzed dialogue segments had a clear relationship with the subjective change achieved, as their correspondence with Episodes and Moments of Change was evidenced (Krause, 2015)
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Violencia contra la mujer--Perú, Violencia familiar--Perú, Psicoterapia breve, Mujeres y psicoanálisis
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