Sanciones ambientales en el OEFA: principio de no confiscatoriedad
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente tesis tiene como finalidad lograr una correcta aplicación del principio de
no confiscatoriedad en las resoluciones emitidas por el Organismo de Evaluación y
Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA), a fin de que se respeten los derechos
constitucionales del administrado y, además, se fortalezca la normativa que la
contiene. Para alcanzar dichos objetivos, se propone la observancia o definición de
aspectos relacionados con la persona, tales como la capacidad contributiva del
administrado al momento de aplicar sanciones, ya que ello no ha sido considerado
por el regulador.
Incluso, se advierte que, respecto a la propuesta de modificatoria emitida por el OEFA
y la aplicación realizada por el Tribunal de Fiscalización Ambiental (TFA), se hace una
distinción respecto a las entidades estatales sujetas a un pliego presupuestal,
limitando el cálculo de la multa a imponer a los ingresos propios de dichas entidades.
Asimismo, en lo que respecta a la infracción, la confluencia de infracciones y su
posible no realización, es necesario señalar que aspectos no han sido considerados
en la aplicación del principio de no confiscatoriedad, lo que podría generar una
situación contraria, incluso por deficiencia del propio regulador. Esta figura podría dar
a lugar a que la aplicación de multas supere el límite máximo establecido en el artículo
12° del Reglamento del Procedimiento Administrativo Sancionador del OEFA, esto
es, que superen el 10% estipulado.
Cabe recordare que la sanción monetaria tiene como objetivo evitar la comisión de
una nueva infracción, y no apropiarse de la propiedad del administrado. Por lo tanto,
se propone se realice una modificación normativa o que el TFA desarrolle su correcta
aplicación mediante jurisprudencia.
The purpose of this thesis is to achieve a correct application of the principle of nonconfiscation in the resolutions issued by the OEFA to the effect that the constitutional rights of the administrator are respected and, in addition, the regulations that contain it are strengthened. To achieve these objectives, it has been proposed to observe or define aspects related to the person, such as the taxpayer's ability to pay, when applying sanctions, since this has not been considered by the regulator, and even warns regarding the proposed amendment issued and the established application carried out by the TFA, a distinction is made with respect to state entities subject to a budget statement, limiting the calculation of the fine to be imposed to their own income. As well as, regarding the infraction, the confluence of infractions and, also, their noncompliance since these have not been considered in the application of this principle, since the opposite situation may also occur; even due to deficiency of the regulator itself. This figure may result in the application of fines exceeding the maximum limit established in article 12 of the Regulation of the Administrative Sanctioning Procedure of the OEFA, that is, exceeding the established 10%. It should be remembered that the monetary sanction is intended to prevent the commission of a new infraction but not to appropriate the property of the administrator; Therefore, it is proposed that a regulatory modification be made or that the TFA develop its correct application through jurisprudence.
The purpose of this thesis is to achieve a correct application of the principle of nonconfiscation in the resolutions issued by the OEFA to the effect that the constitutional rights of the administrator are respected and, in addition, the regulations that contain it are strengthened. To achieve these objectives, it has been proposed to observe or define aspects related to the person, such as the taxpayer's ability to pay, when applying sanctions, since this has not been considered by the regulator, and even warns regarding the proposed amendment issued and the established application carried out by the TFA, a distinction is made with respect to state entities subject to a budget statement, limiting the calculation of the fine to be imposed to their own income. As well as, regarding the infraction, the confluence of infractions and, also, their noncompliance since these have not been considered in the application of this principle, since the opposite situation may also occur; even due to deficiency of the regulator itself. This figure may result in the application of fines exceeding the maximum limit established in article 12 of the Regulation of the Administrative Sanctioning Procedure of the OEFA, that is, exceeding the established 10%. It should be remembered that the monetary sanction is intended to prevent the commission of a new infraction but not to appropriate the property of the administrator; Therefore, it is proposed that a regulatory modification be made or that the TFA develop its correct application through jurisprudence.
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Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (Perú), Sanciones administrativas--Perú, Política ambiental--Perú, Derecho constitucional--Perú
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