Desigualdades socioeconómicas expuestas a través del proceso de reconstrucción: caso del distrito de Pisco tras el terremoto del 15 de agosto del 2007
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es analizar la desigualdad
socioeconómica a través del proceso de reconstrucción del distrito de Pisco después del
terremoto del 2007. Con esto se busca identificar los posibles factores explicativos de la
ocurrencia y celeridad del proceso de reconstrucción, a través de las características
socioeconómicas de manera que estas se puedan trabajar, y posteriormente utilizar esta
información como herramienta preventiva para futuros escenarios.
El proceso de reconstrucción del distrito de Pisco puede reflejar la desigualdad
socioespacial del área de estudio. En casos acontecidos a nivel global, ha sucedido que,
frente a desastres de origen natural, los más afectados y con menor capacidad de respuesta
han sido los más empobrecidos. En ese sentido, se propone que, para el caso de Pisco, las
zonas con población de mejor nivel socioeconómico tuvieron una recuperación más
rápida en comparación a las zonas de menor nivel.
La metodología empleada consiste en identificar el proceso de reconstrucción a través de
imágenes satelitales, caracterizar socioespacialmente el área de estudio a través de datos
censales, identificar agrupamientos de las características socioeconómicas a través de
herramientas de estadística espacial, y finalmente, evaluar la relación entre las variables
mediante valores estadísticos. El resultado obtenido es que no hay correlación
significativa entre las variables tomadas en cuenta: la desigualdad en el proceso de
reconstrucción no puede ser explicada por las características consideradas.
Este caso y la naturaleza sísmica del país llama a la necesidad de fortalecer la cultura de
gestión de riesgos de desastres, y desarrollar mayor investigación sobre las limitaciones
de los procesos de reconstrucción. Se debe prestar especial atención a la identificación de
aquellas variables determinantes para tener una reconstrucción íntegra y sobre todo
factible para la mayor cantidad de personas posibles y no solo para un sector de la
población afectada.
The objective of this research is to analyze socioeconomic inequality through the reconstruction process of the district of Pisco after the 2007 earthquake. The aim is to identify possible factors explaining the occurrence and speed of the reconstruction process through socioeconomic characteristics so that these can be addressed and subsequently use this information as a preventive tool for future scenarios. The reconstruction process in the district of Pisco may reflect the socio-spatial inequality of the study area. In cases that have occurred globally, it has been found that, in the face of natural disasters, the most affected and with the least capacity to respond have been also the poorest. Thus, it is proposed that, in the case of Pisco, the areas with higher socioeconomic status recovered more quickly than the areas with a lower socioeconomic status. The methodology used consists of identifying the reconstruction process through satellite images, characterizing the study area socio-spatially through census data, identifying clusters of socioeconomic characteristics through spatial statistical tools, and finally, evaluating the relationship between the variables using statistical values. The result obtained is that there is no significant correlation between the variables taken in consideration: the inequality in the reconstruction process cannot be explained by the socioeconomic characteristics considered. This case and the seismic nature of the country's coastal zone call for the need to strengthen the culture of disaster risk management and to develop further research on the limitations of reconstruction. Special attention must be paid to identifying the determining variables in order to achieve a full recovery that is, above all, feasible for as many people as possible and not just for a sector of the affected population.
The objective of this research is to analyze socioeconomic inequality through the reconstruction process of the district of Pisco after the 2007 earthquake. The aim is to identify possible factors explaining the occurrence and speed of the reconstruction process through socioeconomic characteristics so that these can be addressed and subsequently use this information as a preventive tool for future scenarios. The reconstruction process in the district of Pisco may reflect the socio-spatial inequality of the study area. In cases that have occurred globally, it has been found that, in the face of natural disasters, the most affected and with the least capacity to respond have been also the poorest. Thus, it is proposed that, in the case of Pisco, the areas with higher socioeconomic status recovered more quickly than the areas with a lower socioeconomic status. The methodology used consists of identifying the reconstruction process through satellite images, characterizing the study area socio-spatially through census data, identifying clusters of socioeconomic characteristics through spatial statistical tools, and finally, evaluating the relationship between the variables using statistical values. The result obtained is that there is no significant correlation between the variables taken in consideration: the inequality in the reconstruction process cannot be explained by the socioeconomic characteristics considered. This case and the seismic nature of the country's coastal zone call for the need to strengthen the culture of disaster risk management and to develop further research on the limitations of reconstruction. Special attention must be paid to identifying the determining variables in order to achieve a full recovery that is, above all, feasible for as many people as possible and not just for a sector of the affected population.
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Reconstrucción (2007-2025)--Perú--Pisco (Ica : Provincia), Desigualdad económica--Perú--Pisco (Ica : Provincia), Desarrollo urbano--Perú--Pisco (Ica : Provincia), Geografía humana
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