Propuesta para incrementar el número de viviendas conectadas al mercado de gas natural: distrito de Corongo
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Date
2020-10-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En los últimos años, el gas natural ha ofrecido una ventaja competitiva importante sobre
otras fuentes de energía, por lo cual el Perú viene enfocándose en la masificación del uso
de este recurso. A pesar de esto, a causa de factores como la existencia de inversiones de
alto riesgo y los costos hundidos que representa el suministro de gas natural a nivel
residencial a través de gasoductos convencionales, no fue posible que los pobladores fuera
de Lima e Ica cuenten con acceso a su consumo hasta el desarrollo de los sistemas
virtuales.
Partiendo de esa premisa, se ha descrito la situación actual de la distribución del gas
natural a nivel domiciliario y se han analizado la estructura de costos y la demanda, a fin
de determinar si es factible suministrar gas natural comprimido (GNC) al distrito de
Corongo. Para lograr este objetivo, se han comprendido a los potenciales consumidores
de esta localidad dentro la Concesión Norte y se ha sumado su consumo con las dos
ciudades de Ancash que cuentan con acceso (Chimbote y Huaraz). Luego, se ha
determinado la tarifa a pagar; obteniéndose que la misma es eficiente económicamente.
Del estudio realizado, se evidencia que la masificación del gas natural en el país, a través
de gasoductos virtuales, puede ser desarrollada, siempre que se determine que existen
economías de escala que lo justifiquen, esto es, la inversión y la demanda permitan que
la tarifa sea competitiva respecto al GLP. Bajo el modelo propuesto, se tiene que es viable
que ciudades con un consumo para 40000, 50000 y 60000 viviendas, y un requerimiento
de inversión menor a diez millones de soles, puedan ser abastecidas con gas natural
comprimido. Para tal fin, se debe realizar por parte de las autoridades un análisis técnico,
social y económico para identificar qué localidades en el interior del país pueden
conectarse al gas natural a través de este mecanismo.
Para concluir, la presente tesis busca ser un documento que aporte al debate técnico acerca
de qué políticas debería seguir el Estado en materia de la masificación del gas natural en
el interior del país, y, de esta manera, no sólo facilitar la incorporación del distrito de
Corongo en el esquema de distribución de gas natural que existe en el departamento de
Ancash, sino contribuir con el objetivo del Estado de desarrollar los mercados del
transporte y la distribución del gas natural residencial.
In recent years, natural gas offers a significant competitive advantage over other energy sources. For this reason, Peru has been focusing on the widespread use of this resource. Despite this, a cause of factors such as the existence of high-risk investments and the sunk costs of supplying natural gas at the residential level through electronic gas pipelines, it is not possible for residents outside of Lima and Ica to have access to their consumption until the development of virtual systems. Based on these premises, the current situation of the distribution of natural gas at the household level has been described and the cost and demand structure has been analyzed, in order to determine if it is feasible to supply compressed natural gas (CNG) to the Corongo district. To achieve this objective, the potential consumers of this locality within the North Concession have been included and their consumption has been added with the two districts of Ancash that have access (Chimbote and Huaraz). Then, you have determined the rate to pay; obtaining that it is economically efficient. From the study carried out, it is evident that the massification of natural gas in the country, through virtual gas pipelines, can be developed, provided it is determined that there are economies of scale that justify it, that is, investment and demand allow the rate be competitive with respect to LPG. Under the proposed model, it is feasible that cities with a consumption of 40,000, 50,000 and 60,000 homes, and an investment requirement of less than 10 million soles, can be supplied with compressed natural gas. For this purpose, a technical and economic analysis must be carried out by the authorities to identify which localities in the interior of the country can be connected to natural gas through this mechanism. To conclude, this thesis seeks to be a document that contributes to the technical debate about the policies what the State should follow regarding the massification of the GN in the interior of the country, and, in this way, would not only facilitate the location of the district of I corroborate in the natural gas distribution scheme that exists in the department of Ancash, but contribute to the State's objective of developing the residential natural gas transportation and distribution market.
In recent years, natural gas offers a significant competitive advantage over other energy sources. For this reason, Peru has been focusing on the widespread use of this resource. Despite this, a cause of factors such as the existence of high-risk investments and the sunk costs of supplying natural gas at the residential level through electronic gas pipelines, it is not possible for residents outside of Lima and Ica to have access to their consumption until the development of virtual systems. Based on these premises, the current situation of the distribution of natural gas at the household level has been described and the cost and demand structure has been analyzed, in order to determine if it is feasible to supply compressed natural gas (CNG) to the Corongo district. To achieve this objective, the potential consumers of this locality within the North Concession have been included and their consumption has been added with the two districts of Ancash that have access (Chimbote and Huaraz). Then, you have determined the rate to pay; obtaining that it is economically efficient. From the study carried out, it is evident that the massification of natural gas in the country, through virtual gas pipelines, can be developed, provided it is determined that there are economies of scale that justify it, that is, investment and demand allow the rate be competitive with respect to LPG. Under the proposed model, it is feasible that cities with a consumption of 40,000, 50,000 and 60,000 homes, and an investment requirement of less than 10 million soles, can be supplied with compressed natural gas. For this purpose, a technical and economic analysis must be carried out by the authorities to identify which localities in the interior of the country can be connected to natural gas through this mechanism. To conclude, this thesis seeks to be a document that contributes to the technical debate about the policies what the State should follow regarding the massification of the GN in the interior of the country, and, in this way, would not only facilitate the location of the district of I corroborate in the natural gas distribution scheme that exists in the department of Ancash, but contribute to the State's objective of developing the residential natural gas transportation and distribution market.
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Keywords
Industria del gas--Perú--Corongo (Áncash : Distrito), Política energética--Perú--Corongo (Áncash : Distrito), Gas natural--Perú--Corongo (Áncash : Distrito)