Análisis sobre el impacto de las competencias y facultades sancionadoras en casos de fraude bancario por SIM Swapping
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar la respuesta normativa y procesal del Estado frente a
casos de fraudes bancarios generados por SIM Swapping, o suplantación indebida de la tarjeta
SIM, y como esta respuesta no siempre puede conseguir resultados eficientes y efectivos en el
otorgamiento de tutela al consumidor afectado por dichos fraudes. Esta afirmación se justifica en
el hecho de que el sistema actual de protección al consumidor no tiene una vía y procedimiento
únicos para conseguir dicha tutela; pues el consumidor debe recurrir a diferentes entidades,
como el INDECOPI y OSIPTEL, y seguir diversos procedimientos, lo cual no siempre le
garantizará el amparo de la totalidad de sus pretensiones, es decir, la reposición de su tarjeta
SIM y la recuperación del dinero afectado por las operaciones bancarias realizadas sin su
autorización; pues las competencias excluyentes de dichas instituciones les impiden analizar el
fraude en su integridad y otorgar todas las medidas correctivas esperadas por el consumidor.
Es así como, frente al riesgo de generar un estado de indefensión en el consumidor, se resalta
la necesidad de un nuevo sistema administrativo que aborde eficaz y eficientemente la
problemática de la tutela del consumidor afectado por fraudes de SIM Swapping. En ese sentido,
se propone una modificación en las competencias del INDECOPI y OSIPTEL con el fin de que
una sola autoridad administrativa sea la competente para conocer en su integridad las denuncias
de parte relacionadas con dichos fraudes, y comparezcan ante esta todos los proveedores
involucrados (el operador de telecomunicaciones y la entidad bancaria) en aras de que quien
resulte responsable quede obligado a ejecutar medidas correctivas efectivas en favor del
consumidor.
Para sustentar dicha propuesta, el presente estudio muestra los resultados de la casuística
presentada ante el OSIPTEL y el INDECOPI en los años 2023 y 2024, sobre fraudes bancarios
por SIM Swapping; y analiza los factores que pueden poner en riesgo dichos resultados y que
justifican la necesidad de una modificación de la forma actual en la que el Estado otorga tutela a
los consumidores afectados por estos fraudes.
This study aims to present the State's regulatory and procedural response to cases of banking fraud generated by SIM swapping, or SIM card impersonation, and how this response cannot always achieve efficient and effective results in granting protection to consumers affected by such fraud. This statement is justified by the fact that the current consumer protection system does not have a single avenue or procedure for obtaining such protection; consumers must turn to different entities, such as INDECOPI and OSIPTEL, and follow various procedures. This will not always guarantee protection for all their claims, that is, the replacement of their SIM card and the recovery of the funds affected by banking transactions carried out without their authorization. The exclusive powers of these institutions prevent them from fully analyzing the fraud and providing all the corrective measures expected by consumers. Thus, faced with the risk of generating a state of defenselessness among consumers, the need for a new administrative system that effectively and efficiently addresses the issue of consumer protection affected by SIM swapping fraud is highlighted. In this regard, a modification to the powers of INDECOPI and OSIPTEL is proposed so that a single administrative authority is competent to fully hear complaints related to such frauds. All providers involved (the telecommunications operator and the banking institution) are required to appear before it, ensuring that whoever is found responsible is obligated to implement effective corrective measures for the consumer. To support this proposal, this study presents the results of the case studies presented to OSIPTEL and INDECOPI in 2023 and 2024 regarding banking fraud involving SIM swapping. and analyzes the factors that could jeopardize these results and justify the need to modify the current way in which the State provides protection to consumers affected by these frauds.
This study aims to present the State's regulatory and procedural response to cases of banking fraud generated by SIM swapping, or SIM card impersonation, and how this response cannot always achieve efficient and effective results in granting protection to consumers affected by such fraud. This statement is justified by the fact that the current consumer protection system does not have a single avenue or procedure for obtaining such protection; consumers must turn to different entities, such as INDECOPI and OSIPTEL, and follow various procedures. This will not always guarantee protection for all their claims, that is, the replacement of their SIM card and the recovery of the funds affected by banking transactions carried out without their authorization. The exclusive powers of these institutions prevent them from fully analyzing the fraud and providing all the corrective measures expected by consumers. Thus, faced with the risk of generating a state of defenselessness among consumers, the need for a new administrative system that effectively and efficiently addresses the issue of consumer protection affected by SIM swapping fraud is highlighted. In this regard, a modification to the powers of INDECOPI and OSIPTEL is proposed so that a single administrative authority is competent to fully hear complaints related to such frauds. All providers involved (the telecommunications operator and the banking institution) are required to appear before it, ensuring that whoever is found responsible is obligated to implement effective corrective measures for the consumer. To support this proposal, this study presents the results of the case studies presented to OSIPTEL and INDECOPI in 2023 and 2024 regarding banking fraud involving SIM swapping. and analyzes the factors that could jeopardize these results and justify the need to modify the current way in which the State provides protection to consumers affected by these frauds.
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Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (Perú), Organismo Supervisor de Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones (Perú), Fraude bancario--Perú, Sanciones administrativas--Perú, Protección del consumidor--Perú