Informe jurídico sobre el recurso de nulidad N°1165-2019-Apurimac
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe jurídico analiza la Ejecutoría Suprema recaída en el Recurso de
Nulidad N°1165-2019, mediante la cual la Corte Suprema absolvió al acusado del delito
de violación sexual en agravio de la menor de edad de iniciales J.T.G. La decisión se
fundamentó en que no se acreditó la existencia de violencia o grave amenaza conforme
al artículo 170 del Código Penal vigente en el año 2012, aplicando el principio de in
dubio pro reo.
El problema central del análisis es determinar si dicha interpretación se ajusta a la
normativa nacional y a los estándares internacionales en materia de valoración
probatoria en delitos sexuales contra menores de edad. Si bien se reconoce que la Corte
actuó dentro del marco formal de la legalidad y de la presunción de inocencia -pilares
del derecho penal garantista-, este informe sostiene que la resolución incurre en un
análisis deficiente al restringir la noción de violencia a la agresión física visible, omitir la
valoración integral de indicios como la diferencia etaria, el contexto de coerción
psicológica y los peritajes realizados; y desatender la obligación de aplicar un enfoque
de género.
En tal sentido, se plantea una posición intermedia: sin desconocer los límites que
impone la legalidad, los jueces debieron emplear las herramientas interpretativas ya
disponibles como el Acuerdo Plenario N°1-2011/CJ-116, la doctrina jurisprudencial y los
instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos (Convención de Belém do Pará y
Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño) para realizar una valoración integral del caso
y contextualizada del caso. Solo de esa manera era posible garantizar una adecuada
ponderación del consentimiento y una protección efectiva del bien jurídico de la libertad
sexual de menores de edad, evitando que una visión meramente formal perpetúe
situaciones de impunidad.
This legal report analyzes the Supreme Court judgment issued in Nullity Appeal N° 1165- 2019, in which the Court acquitted the defendant of the crime of sexual rape against the minor J.T.G., aged fourteen. The decision was based on the finding that violence or serious threat, as required by Article 170 of the Peruvian Criminal Code in force in 2012, had not been proven, applying the principle of in dubio pro reo. The central issue under examination is whether such interpretation complies with national law and international standards on the assessment of evidence in sexual offenses against minors. While it is acknowledged that the Court acted within the formal framework of legality and the presumption of innocence -fundamental guarantees of a liberal criminal system-, this report argues that the ruling is flawed. The Court restricted the notion of violence to visible physical aggression, overlooked the integral evaluation of key indicators such as age disparity, psychological coercion, and expert reports, and failed to apply a gender-sensitive approach. Accordingly, this report proposes an intermediate position: without disregarding the limits imposed by legality, judges should have used the interpretive tools already available such as Plenary Agreement N°1-2011/CJ-116, judicial doctrine, and international human rights instruments (Convention of Belém do Pará and Convention on the Rights of the Child) to carry out a contextual and comprehensive assessment of the case. Only in this way could the validity of consent be properly weighed and the effective protection of the legal interest in the sexual freedom of minors be ensured, avoiding a merely formal reading that perpetuates impunity.
This legal report analyzes the Supreme Court judgment issued in Nullity Appeal N° 1165- 2019, in which the Court acquitted the defendant of the crime of sexual rape against the minor J.T.G., aged fourteen. The decision was based on the finding that violence or serious threat, as required by Article 170 of the Peruvian Criminal Code in force in 2012, had not been proven, applying the principle of in dubio pro reo. The central issue under examination is whether such interpretation complies with national law and international standards on the assessment of evidence in sexual offenses against minors. While it is acknowledged that the Court acted within the formal framework of legality and the presumption of innocence -fundamental guarantees of a liberal criminal system-, this report argues that the ruling is flawed. The Court restricted the notion of violence to visible physical aggression, overlooked the integral evaluation of key indicators such as age disparity, psychological coercion, and expert reports, and failed to apply a gender-sensitive approach. Accordingly, this report proposes an intermediate position: without disregarding the limits imposed by legality, judges should have used the interpretive tools already available such as Plenary Agreement N°1-2011/CJ-116, judicial doctrine, and international human rights instruments (Convention of Belém do Pará and Convention on the Rights of the Child) to carry out a contextual and comprehensive assessment of the case. Only in this way could the validity of consent be properly weighed and the effective protection of the legal interest in the sexual freedom of minors be ensured, avoiding a merely formal reading that perpetuates impunity.
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Nulidad (Derecho), Prueba penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Delitos sexuales--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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