Modelo prolab: Fintech Autónoma, acceso a microcréditos para capital de trabajo en MYPES
Date
2024-05-24
Journal Title
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el presente estudio, el cliente al que se dirige este proyecto es el emprendedor
peruano, actor de la economía formal como de la informal, especialmente aquellos ubicados en
zonas rurales y más alejadas del país. Este segmento de la población, aunque contribuye
significativamente a la actividad económica de Perú, a menudo se encuentra excluido del sistema
financiero formal. La problemática que enfrentan estos emprendedores es la necesidad de
introducirse a los servicios financieros y créditos que faciliten su progreso y el mantenimiento de
sus negocios. Factores como la baja conectividad, la falta de educación financiera y digital, y las
barreras para ingresar al sistema financiero formal, exacerban este problema. La cuestión por
resolver se enfoca en los requerimientos de los emprendedores y comerciantes de las MYPES de
acceder a financiamiento para capital de trabajo, de acuerdo a sus necesidades.
Después de aplicar la metodología Design Thinking se desarrolló una solución que
permite otorgar financiamiento mediante microcréditos para capital de trabajo, a través de una
plataforma digital amigable con las mejores condiciones de accesibilidad y agilidad en la
evaluación y desembolso. El esquema alberga un Valor Actual (VA) de S/ 3,714,509, lo que
indica el valor presente de los flujos de efectivo a plazo futuro que se estima generará. La
inversión inicial para este proyecto es de S/ 583,947.67. Al considerar esta inversión y el flujo de
caja del accionista (FCA), el Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de esta propuesta es de S/ 3,480,930.
Adicionalmente, la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) del proyecto es del 127.94%. La TIR es una
métrica que indica la rentabilidad potencial de una inversión. En este caso, una TIR del 127.94%
es extremadamente alta, lo que sugiere que el modelo guarda un potencial de rentabilidad muy
fuerte. Por último, el Costo Promedio Ponderado de Capital (WACC) es del 13.27%. El WACC
constituye el costo medio de financiamiento de una organización, ponderado por el porcentaje de
capital propio y deuda. Un WACC del 13.27% indica el retorno mínimo requerido por todos los
financiadores de la empresa. Este VAN positivo sugiere que el proyecto podría generar un retorno financiero superior al costo del capital invertido. La solución para la disponibilidad de
financiamiento por medio de microcréditos para capital de trabajo se vincula directamente con
los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) número 1 y 8. El VAN social obtenido tomando
en cuenta los provechos y costos sociales, arroja un total de S/ 4,638,887.41 durante los primeros
cinco años del modelo de negocio. En conclusión, el aporte del modelo de negocio frente a la
relevancia y rentabilidad es altamente aceptable para el entorno social en el que desarrolla la
propuesta e involucrar el crecimiento económico y la escalabilidad a futuro.
In the present study, the client to whom this project is directed is the Peruvian entrepreneur, actor in the formal and informal economy, especially those located in rural and more remote areas of the country. This segment of the population, although it contributes significantly to Peru's economic activity, is often excluded from the formal financial system. The problem that these entrepreneurs face is the need to introduce themselves to financial services and credits that facilitate their progress and the maintenance of their businesses. Factors such as low connectivity, lack of financial and digital education, and barriers to entering the formal financial system exacerbate this problem. The issue to be resolved focuses on the requirements of entrepreneurs and merchants of MYPES to access financing for working capital, according to their needs. After applying the Design Thinking methodology, a solution was developed that allows financing through microcredits for working capital, through a friendly digital platform with the best conditions of accessibility and agility in evaluation and disbursement. The scheme has a Present Value (VA) of S/ 3,714,509, which indicates the present value of the future cash flows that it is estimated to generate. The initial investment for this project is S/ 583,947.67. When considering this investment and the shareholder's cash flow (FCA), the Net Present Value (NPV) of this proposal is S/ 3,480,930. Additionally, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the project is 127.94%. The IRR is a metric that indicates the potential profitability of an investment. In this case, an IRR of 127.94% is extremely high, suggesting that the model has very strong profitability potential. Lastly, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is 13.27%. The WACC constitutes the average financing cost of an organization, weighted by the percentage of equity capital and debt. A WACC of 13.27% indicates the minimum return required by all the company's financiers. This positive NPV suggests that the project could generate a financial return greater than the cost of invested capital. The solution for the availability of financing through microcredits for working capital is directly linked to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) number 1 and 8. The social NPV obtained taking into account social benefits and costs, gives a total of S / 4,638,887.41 during the first five years of the business model. In conclusion, the contribution of the business model regarding relevance and profitability is highly acceptable for the social environment in which the proposal is developed and involves future economic growth and scalability.
In the present study, the client to whom this project is directed is the Peruvian entrepreneur, actor in the formal and informal economy, especially those located in rural and more remote areas of the country. This segment of the population, although it contributes significantly to Peru's economic activity, is often excluded from the formal financial system. The problem that these entrepreneurs face is the need to introduce themselves to financial services and credits that facilitate their progress and the maintenance of their businesses. Factors such as low connectivity, lack of financial and digital education, and barriers to entering the formal financial system exacerbate this problem. The issue to be resolved focuses on the requirements of entrepreneurs and merchants of MYPES to access financing for working capital, according to their needs. After applying the Design Thinking methodology, a solution was developed that allows financing through microcredits for working capital, through a friendly digital platform with the best conditions of accessibility and agility in evaluation and disbursement. The scheme has a Present Value (VA) of S/ 3,714,509, which indicates the present value of the future cash flows that it is estimated to generate. The initial investment for this project is S/ 583,947.67. When considering this investment and the shareholder's cash flow (FCA), the Net Present Value (NPV) of this proposal is S/ 3,480,930. Additionally, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the project is 127.94%. The IRR is a metric that indicates the potential profitability of an investment. In this case, an IRR of 127.94% is extremely high, suggesting that the model has very strong profitability potential. Lastly, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is 13.27%. The WACC constitutes the average financing cost of an organization, weighted by the percentage of equity capital and debt. A WACC of 13.27% indicates the minimum return required by all the company's financiers. This positive NPV suggests that the project could generate a financial return greater than the cost of invested capital. The solution for the availability of financing through microcredits for working capital is directly linked to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) number 1 and 8. The social NPV obtained taking into account social benefits and costs, gives a total of S / 4,638,887.41 during the first five years of the business model. In conclusion, the contribution of the business model regarding relevance and profitability is highly acceptable for the social environment in which the proposal is developed and involves future economic growth and scalability.
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Keywords
Crédito bancario--Perú, Servicios financieros, Pequeñas y medianas empresas--Perú, Servicios digitales
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