"Un escenario con guiones poco precisos”: repertorios de acción colectiva puestos en práctica por parte del gremio docente y su representación mediática en los diarios El Comercio, La República y El Diario del Cusco en el marco de la etapa de crisis de la huelga magisterial del Perú en el 2017
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2025-04-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El presente estudio analiza la relación entre los repertorios de acción colectiva del gremio docente
y la construcción de la agenda mediática durante la huelga magisterial en Perú en el 2017. Se
adopta un enfoque mixto, combinando técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Esto con el propósito
de entender los motivos y demandas que desencadenaron la huelga, los repertorios implementados
por el gremio, y el proceso de construcción de la agenda mediática tanto a nivel nacional como
regional. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, se examinaron los diarios de circulación nacional "El
Comercio" y "La República", y "El Diario del Cusco" debido a su relevancia en la región
emergente de la huelga, y tanto por su enfoque e influencia nacional. La revisión de estos diarios,
junto con documentos y entrevistas, permitió identificar tres grandes categorías de demandas:
beneficios económicos, condiciones laborales y políticas educativas. Estas demandas fueron
transmitidas a través de medidas de acción colectiva del gremio, ante las cuales surgió una
respuesta por parte del gobierno, siguiendo la teoría del modelo espiral del conflicto. El análisis
de contenido permitió identificar que la cobertura mediática favoreció a las medidas de contención
sobre las tácticas institucionales o de alianzas del gremio. Además, los diarios priorizaron la
difusión de acciones administrativas del gobierno en lugar de las de control o diálogo. En resumen,
la prensa comunicó de manera significativa la huelga, evidenciando la evolución en la
coordinación y relevancia de los repertorios del gremio, lo que finalmente generó una mayor
visibilidad de sus demandas en los medios de alcance nacional.
This study analyzes the relationship between the teachers' guild repertoires and the media agenda building during the 2017 Teachers' Strike in Peru. A mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative techniques, is adopted with the intention of understanding the motives and demands that drove the strike, the repertoires implemented by the guild and the process of media agenda building at the national and regional levels. To achieve these objectives, the national newspapers "El Comercio" and "La República," as well as "El Diario del Cusco," were examined due to their relevance in the region where the strike emerged, and for both their national focus and influence. Reviewing these newspapers, along with documents and interviews, enabled the identification of three major categories of demands: economic benefits, working conditions, and educational policies. These demands were conveyed through the guild's collective action measures, to which the government responded, following the theory of the spiral model of conflict. The content analysis revealed that media coverage favored containment measures over the guild's institutional or alliance tactics. Additionally, the newspapers prioritized the dissemination of the government's administrative actions rather than control or dialogue measures. In summary, the media provided significant coverage of the strike, emphasizing the evolution and coordination of the union's repertoires and ultimately amplifying the visibility of their demands on a national scale.
This study analyzes the relationship between the teachers' guild repertoires and the media agenda building during the 2017 Teachers' Strike in Peru. A mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative techniques, is adopted with the intention of understanding the motives and demands that drove the strike, the repertoires implemented by the guild and the process of media agenda building at the national and regional levels. To achieve these objectives, the national newspapers "El Comercio" and "La República," as well as "El Diario del Cusco," were examined due to their relevance in the region where the strike emerged, and for both their national focus and influence. Reviewing these newspapers, along with documents and interviews, enabled the identification of three major categories of demands: economic benefits, working conditions, and educational policies. These demands were conveyed through the guild's collective action measures, to which the government responded, following the theory of the spiral model of conflict. The content analysis revealed that media coverage favored containment measures over the guild's institutional or alliance tactics. Additionally, the newspapers prioritized the dissemination of the government's administrative actions rather than control or dialogue measures. In summary, the media provided significant coverage of the strike, emphasizing the evolution and coordination of the union's repertoires and ultimately amplifying the visibility of their demands on a national scale.
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Medios de comunicación masiva--Aspectos políticos--Perú, Educación--Huelgas y paros--Perú--Siglo XXI, Participación ciudadana--Perú--Siglo XXI
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