El reconocimiento de Estados de facto: Un estudio comparativo entre Kosovo y Artsaj
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El estudio de los Estados de facto y su reconocimiento ha sido relegado
principalmente a enfoques jurídicos, pese a que su existencia en el Sistema Internacional
y su impacto en las dinámicas de poder resultan innegables. La presente investigación
compara los casos de Kosovo y Artsaj para identificar los factores que explican sus
diferentes resultados en la búsqueda de reconocimiento. Para ello, se propone que la
diferencia de los casos responde al alineamiento entre la posición de las potencias, sus
intereses regionales y las capacidades materiales necesarias disponibles en un momento
específico, además del tipo de involucramiento de los Estados afines. En ese sentido, el
análisis sigue la teoría del realismo clásico sobre Estados de facto de Lucas Knotter, y
utiliza una metodología comparativa de casos semejantes. Los hallazgos muestran que
el alineamiento favorable de la posición de las potencias respecto al Estado de facto, el
interés regional y un periodo en que se contaba con capacidades materiales específicas
coincidieron con la obtención de reconocimiento de Kosovo. Por otro lado, este
alineamiento fue desfavorable para el reconocimiento de Artsaj, que también se vio
perjudicado de manera involuntaria por el mayor involucramiento por parte de su Estado
afín, Armenia. Adicionalmente, los hallazgos también hallan la influencia significativa de
otros actores como la sociedad civil, grupos subversivos e incluso otros Estados, quienes
jugaron un rol determinante en el devenir de ambos casos y ameritan mayor
investigación.
The study of de facto states and their recognition has been primarily relegated to legal approaches, despite their undeniable existence in the International System and their impact on power dynamics. This research compares the cases of Kosovo and Artsakh to identify the factors that explain their different outcomes in the quest for recognition. It argues that the divergence between the two cases stems from the alignment between the positions of major powers, their regional interests, and the availability of necessary material capabilities at a specific moment, as well as from the type of involvement of kin states. In this regard, the analysis drawn on Lucas Knotter’s classical realism on the de facto states and employs a comparative methodology of similar cases. The findings suggest that a favourable alignment of the main great power’s position toward the de facto state, its regional interests, and a period in which it had specific material capabilities coincided with Kosovo’s recognitions. On the contrary, this alignment was not favourable for Artsakh’s recognition, which was also inadvertently hindered by the significant involvement of its kin state, Armenia. Additionally, the findings highlight the significant influence of other actors such as civil society, subversive groups, and even other states, who played decisive roles in the trajectory of both cases and warrant further investigation.
The study of de facto states and their recognition has been primarily relegated to legal approaches, despite their undeniable existence in the International System and their impact on power dynamics. This research compares the cases of Kosovo and Artsakh to identify the factors that explain their different outcomes in the quest for recognition. It argues that the divergence between the two cases stems from the alignment between the positions of major powers, their regional interests, and the availability of necessary material capabilities at a specific moment, as well as from the type of involvement of kin states. In this regard, the analysis drawn on Lucas Knotter’s classical realism on the de facto states and employs a comparative methodology of similar cases. The findings suggest that a favourable alignment of the main great power’s position toward the de facto state, its regional interests, and a period in which it had specific material capabilities coincided with Kosovo’s recognitions. On the contrary, this alignment was not favourable for Artsakh’s recognition, which was also inadvertently hindered by the significant involvement of its kin state, Armenia. Additionally, the findings highlight the significant influence of other actors such as civil society, subversive groups, and even other states, who played decisive roles in the trajectory of both cases and warrant further investigation.
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Palabras clave
Gobierno de facto--Kosovo, Gobierno de facto--Artsaj, Reconocimiento (Derecho internacional)--Kosovo, Reconocimiento (Derecho internacional)--Artsaj
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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