Caracterización del Sistema Sectorial de Innovación (SSI) de la industria acuícola del camarón patiblanco (Penaeus vannamei) del Perú al 2020, bajo un enfoque de análisis integral multivariable de elementos de evaluación sistémicos
Date
2023-08-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis busca contribuir con ampliar el alcance y la comprensión de la
innovación en el sector acuícola, como parte del sistema alimentario nacional, mediante el
desarrollo de un estudio exploratorio de los determinantes de la innovación en la industria
de acuicultura de camarón blanco (P. vannamei) del Perú. Bajo un enfoque de sistemas de
innovación, se busca examinar las principales características de los determinantes de la
innovación (proceso/resultado) e identificar la relación entre los elementos clave en la
evolución de esta industria y las trayectorias de conocimiento seguidas.
Se formula y aplica un modelo de análisis propuesto para el presente estudio (Modelo
MAIMEES), que integra diferentes perspectivas de los sistemas de innovación, incluyendo
la perspectiva sectorial, funcional y hace énfasis en el análisis de las características
particulares de la innovación en los sectores de baja tecnología y en las condiciones de los
países en desarrollo. En seguimiento de este modelo de análisis, se diseña y ejecuta un
programa de entrevistas cognitivas y de profundidad con representantes de las principales
organizaciones públicas y privadas involucradas en los procesos de CTI en el sector. Las
entrevistas fueron complementadas y corroboradas mediante la revisión de fuente
secundarias de información.
La caracterización del sistema sectorial de innovación muestra que el proceso de
innovación tiene una fuerte influencia de las actividades comerciales internacionales y
existe un fenómeno de codesarrollo con el sector de producción de piensos. En general,
existen diversos avances e iniciativas públicas y privadas que promueven el desarrollo de
la innovación en este sector acuícola, algunas de ellas dedicadas al desarrollo de muchas
de las actividades del sistema de innovación. En este contexto, el Programa Nacional de
Innovación en Pesca y Acuicultura – PNIPA y las diferentes dependencias del Ministerio
de la Producción, juegan un rol importante. No obstante, se reconoce algunas barreras al
proceso de innovación, consecuencia de deficiencias en la producción de conocimiento y
actividades de I+D, desarrollo de algunas competencias, adecuación de la regulación,
disponibilidad de mecanismos de incubadoras de empresas, desarticulación entre políticas
nacionales y sectoriales, entre otras. Si bien existen recientes iniciativas públicas para
resolver algunas de estas barreras, aún es muy pronto para conocer su impacto real. Sin
embargo, se considera que estas iniciativas contribuirán favorablemente en algunos
aspectos del proceso de innovación y sus determinantes.
This thesis tries to contribute to broaden the scope and understanding of innovation in food systems, through the execution of an exploratory study of the determinants of innovation in the aquaculture industry of white shrimp (P. vannamei) in Peru. The study seeks to examine the main characteristics of the determinants of innovation (process/result) and to identify the relationship between the key elements in the evolution of this industry and the knowledge trajectories followed. A proposal for an analytical model (MAIMEES) is developed and applied for the present study. This model integrates different perspectives of innovation systems, including the sectoral and functional perspective and emphasizes the analysis of the characteristics of innovation in low-technology sectors and in the conditions of developing countries. Following this analytical model, a program of cognitive and in-depth interviews is designed and executed with representatives of the main public and private organizations involved in STI processes in the sector. The interviews were complemented and corroborated by reviewing of secondary sources of information. The characterization of the innovation sector system shows that the innovation process has a strong influence from international trade activities and there is a phenomenon of codevelopment with the feed production sector. In general, there are advances and public and private initiatives that promote the development of innovation in this aquaculture sector, some of them dedicated to the development of many of the activities of the innovation system. In this context, the National Program for Innovation in Fishing and Aquaculture - PNIPA and some dependencies of the Ministry of Production, play an important role. However, some barriers to the innovation process are recognized, as a consequence of deficiencies in the production of knowledge and R&D, development of some competences, adaptation of regulation, availability of business incubator mechanisms, disconnections between national and sectoral policies, among other. Although there are recent public initiatives to resolve some of these barriers, it is still too early to know their real impact. However, it is considered that these initiatives will contribute favorably in some aspects of the innovation process and its determinants.
This thesis tries to contribute to broaden the scope and understanding of innovation in food systems, through the execution of an exploratory study of the determinants of innovation in the aquaculture industry of white shrimp (P. vannamei) in Peru. The study seeks to examine the main characteristics of the determinants of innovation (process/result) and to identify the relationship between the key elements in the evolution of this industry and the knowledge trajectories followed. A proposal for an analytical model (MAIMEES) is developed and applied for the present study. This model integrates different perspectives of innovation systems, including the sectoral and functional perspective and emphasizes the analysis of the characteristics of innovation in low-technology sectors and in the conditions of developing countries. Following this analytical model, a program of cognitive and in-depth interviews is designed and executed with representatives of the main public and private organizations involved in STI processes in the sector. The interviews were complemented and corroborated by reviewing of secondary sources of information. The characterization of the innovation sector system shows that the innovation process has a strong influence from international trade activities and there is a phenomenon of codevelopment with the feed production sector. In general, there are advances and public and private initiatives that promote the development of innovation in this aquaculture sector, some of them dedicated to the development of many of the activities of the innovation system. In this context, the National Program for Innovation in Fishing and Aquaculture - PNIPA and some dependencies of the Ministry of Production, play an important role. However, some barriers to the innovation process are recognized, as a consequence of deficiencies in the production of knowledge and R&D, development of some competences, adaptation of regulation, availability of business incubator mechanisms, disconnections between national and sectoral policies, among other. Although there are recent public initiatives to resolve some of these barriers, it is still too early to know their real impact. However, it is considered that these initiatives will contribute favorably in some aspects of the innovation process and its determinants.
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Acuicultura--Perú, Innovaciones, Innovaciones tecnológicas, Camarones--Industria y comercio--Perú
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