Crónicas de una incursión desastrosa: La llegada incaica a tierras cañaris, y la posterior ayuda de los cañaris a los españoles (1460-1572)
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Date
2021-07-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Durante la avanzada incaica encabezada por Túpac Yupanqui hacia el norte, los incas se
encontraron con el pueblo cañari, el cual presentó una férrea resistencia a la conquista
cusqueña. A pesar de ello, los cañaris fueron anexados al incario, resultando de ello
cambios importantes en sus condiciones sociales y políticas. Un acontecimiento
importante que tuvo lugar durante el proceso fue el nacimiento de Huayna Cápac, futuro
jerarca del Tahuantinsuyo, en tierras cañaris, precisamente en el área denominada
Tomebamba por los incas. Durante su gobierno, la región cañari estuvo no solo bajo el
control incaico, sino que se convirtió en una zona de expansión hacia el norte. Con la
muerte de Huayna Cápac, sin embargo, se precipita la guerra civil entre sus dos hijos,
Huáscar y Atahualpa, generándose un escenario dramático para los cañaris. Las
consecuencias de este hecho se manifiestan claramente a la llegada de los españoles,
cuando los cañari optaron por apoyar a los recién llegados siendo identificados por éstos
como “indios amigos”, papel fundamental que marcó las condiciones que tendrían los
cañari en el nuevo orden. Esta tesis busca establecer los cambios habidos en el pueblo
cañari a raíz de las conquistas incaica y española.
During the Inca conquest of the northern region of the Andes, Tupac Yupanqui and his troops encountered the Cañari people. The resistance of this group was, however, temporary because soon the Incas annexed them to the Incario, resulting in important changes in their social and political conditions. A central event that took place during this process was the birth in Cañari lands of Huayna Capac, future hierarch of Tahuantinsuyo, precisely in the place called Tomebamba by the Incas. During the Huayna Capac´s rule, the Cañari region was not only under Inca control but also became an important military outpost for further Inca expansion to the north. With the death of Huayna Capac, however, the civil war between his two sons, Huáscar and Atahualpa, is precipitated, generating a dramatic scenario for the Cañaris. The consequences of this fact are clearly manifested upon the arrival of the Spaniards, when the Cañari chose to support the newcomers, being identified by them as "friendly Indians", a fundamental role that marked the favorable conditions that the Cañari would have in the new order. This thesis seeks to establish the changes that took place in the Cañari people as a result of the Inca and Spanish conquests.
During the Inca conquest of the northern region of the Andes, Tupac Yupanqui and his troops encountered the Cañari people. The resistance of this group was, however, temporary because soon the Incas annexed them to the Incario, resulting in important changes in their social and political conditions. A central event that took place during this process was the birth in Cañari lands of Huayna Capac, future hierarch of Tahuantinsuyo, precisely in the place called Tomebamba by the Incas. During the Huayna Capac´s rule, the Cañari region was not only under Inca control but also became an important military outpost for further Inca expansion to the north. With the death of Huayna Capac, however, the civil war between his two sons, Huáscar and Atahualpa, is precipitated, generating a dramatic scenario for the Cañaris. The consequences of this fact are clearly manifested upon the arrival of the Spaniards, when the Cañari chose to support the newcomers, being identified by them as "friendly Indians", a fundamental role that marked the favorable conditions that the Cañari would have in the new order. This thesis seeks to establish the changes that took place in the Cañari people as a result of the Inca and Spanish conquests.
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Cañaris, Indios del Ecuador, Perú--Historia--Descubrimiento y conquista, Incas
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