Trabajo matemático de estudiantes de ingeniería en tareas que promueven la interpretación geométrica de la derivada de una función real de variable real
Date
2021-08-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación emerge luego de identificar las dificultades que presentan
los alumnos al estudiar la derivada y el énfasis que pone la enseñanza de este objeto
matemático en desarrollos formales y algorítmicos, dejando de lado las ideas
geométricas. Por ello, nos interesa comprender y estudiar el trabajo matemático
personal de los estudiantes de Ingeniería cuando resuelven tareas sobre la
interpretación geométrica de la derivada de una función real de variable real. Para
alcanzar este propósito, utilizamos, como fundamento teórico, la teoría del Espacio
de Trabajo Matemático (ETM) y, como metodología de investigación, aspectos de la
Ingeniería Didáctica. La parte experimental de la investigación se realiza con 15
estudiantes de primer año de la carrera profesional de Ingeniería de Sistemas de la
Universidad Nacional de Moquegua (UNAM), a quienes se les aplicó las tareas
propuestas. Para ello, se elabora dos tareas: la tarea exploratoria y la tarea I,
diseñadas con la finalidad de identificar las génesis que se activan en el estudiante,
así como analizar qué planos logran activar al enfrentarse a las tareas propuestas.
Así también, con los recursos del ETM, identificar en qué paradigmas del dominio del
Análisis enmarca su trabajo matemático. En base a las acciones de los estudiantes,
concluimos que los alumnos evidencian la activación del Plano Semiótico-
Instrumental y el Plano Instrumental-Discurso al resolver tareas sobre la interpretación
geométrica de la derivada.
This research emerges after identifying the difficulties that students have when studying the derivative and the emphasis placed on teaching this mathematical object in formal and algorithmic developments, leaving aside geometric ideas. Therefore, we are interested in understanding, studying the personal mathematical work of engineering students when they solve tasks about the geometric interpretation of the derivative of a real function of real variable. To achieve this purpose, we use the Theory of the Mathematical Workspace (MWS) as a theoretical basis and as a research methodology aspect of Didactic Engineering. The experimental part of the research is carried out with fifteen students of the Systems Engineering professional career of the National University of Moquegua to whom the proposed tasks were applied. For this, two tasks are elaborated: exploratory task and task I, designed with the purpose of identifying the genesis that is activated in the student, as well as analyzing what plans they manage to activate when facing the proposed tasks. Similarly, with the resources of the MWS identify in which paradigms of the Analysis domain they frame their mathematical work. Based on the actions of the students, we conclude that the students demonstrate the activation of the Semiotic-Instrumental plane and the Instrumental-Discursive plane when solving tasks on the geometric interpretation of the derivative.
This research emerges after identifying the difficulties that students have when studying the derivative and the emphasis placed on teaching this mathematical object in formal and algorithmic developments, leaving aside geometric ideas. Therefore, we are interested in understanding, studying the personal mathematical work of engineering students when they solve tasks about the geometric interpretation of the derivative of a real function of real variable. To achieve this purpose, we use the Theory of the Mathematical Workspace (MWS) as a theoretical basis and as a research methodology aspect of Didactic Engineering. The experimental part of the research is carried out with fifteen students of the Systems Engineering professional career of the National University of Moquegua to whom the proposed tasks were applied. For this, two tasks are elaborated: exploratory task and task I, designed with the purpose of identifying the genesis that is activated in the student, as well as analyzing what plans they manage to activate when facing the proposed tasks. Similarly, with the resources of the MWS identify in which paradigms of the Analysis domain they frame their mathematical work. Based on the actions of the students, we conclude that the students demonstrate the activation of the Semiotic-Instrumental plane and the Instrumental-Discursive plane when solving tasks on the geometric interpretation of the derivative.
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Keywords
Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza, Geometría--Estudio y enseñanza, Derivadas
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