Aislamiento social y soledad no deseada en adultos mayores a 60 años en la Política Nacional Multisectorial de las Personas Adultas Mayores (PNMPAM)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar la incorporación de las
problemáticas del aislamiento social y la soledad no deseada en la Política Nacional
Multisectorial para las Personas Adultas Mayores (PNMPAM) del Perú, con el
propósito de contribuir a la mejora de su calidad de vida y garantizar su bienestar
integral. La metodología se basó en una revisión sistemática de literatura científica, a
partir de la cual se identificaron cuatro (04) grupos de factores de riesgo asociados: i)
sociodemográficos; ii) salud física y mental; iii) económicos; y iv) ambientales o del
entorno. Los resultados evidencian que las personas adultas mayores que viven solas,
residen en áreas rurales y son mujeres mayores de 60 años, viudas o solteras, con
bajo nivel educativo, en situación de pobreza, con discapacidad o pertenecientes a
minorías étnicas, enfrentan un mayor riesgo de aislamiento social y soledad no
deseada. Estas condiciones estructurales, sumadas a la falta de redes de apoyo,
incrementan significativamente su vulnerabilidad, afectando su bienestar físico,
emocional y social. La investigación propone incorporar al árbol de problemas de la
política ocho (08) causas indirectas que reflejan estos factores estructurales, así como
un nuevo efecto: aislamiento y soledad no deseada en personas adultas mayores. En
conclusión, visibilizar e incorporar estas problemáticas permitiría garantizar un
envejecimiento digno, reducir desigualdades estructurales y promover el bienestar
integral de la población adulta mayor.
The objective of this research is to assess the integration of social isolation and unwanted loneliness into Peru’s Multisectoral National Policy for Older Adults (PNMPAM), with the aim of improving their quality of life and ensuring their overall wellbeing. The methodology was based on a systematic review of scientific literature, which identified four (04) groups of associated risk factors: i) sociodemographic; ii) physical and mental health; iii) economic; and iv) environmental or contextual. Findings indicate that older adults who live alone, reside in rural areas, and are women over the age of 60—widowed or single, with low educational attainment, living in poverty, with disabilities, or belonging to ethnic minorities—face a higher risk of social isolation and unwanted loneliness. These structural conditions, compounded by a lack of support networks, significantly increase their vulnerability and negatively affect their physical, emotional, and social well-being. The study proposes incorporating into the PNMPAM’s problem tree eight (08) indirect causes reflecting these structural and social factors, as well as a new effect: social isolation and unwanted loneliness among older adults. In conclusion, addressing and integrating these issues is essential to ensure dignified aging, reduce structural inequalities, and promote the comprehensive well-being of the older adult population.
The objective of this research is to assess the integration of social isolation and unwanted loneliness into Peru’s Multisectoral National Policy for Older Adults (PNMPAM), with the aim of improving their quality of life and ensuring their overall wellbeing. The methodology was based on a systematic review of scientific literature, which identified four (04) groups of associated risk factors: i) sociodemographic; ii) physical and mental health; iii) economic; and iv) environmental or contextual. Findings indicate that older adults who live alone, reside in rural areas, and are women over the age of 60—widowed or single, with low educational attainment, living in poverty, with disabilities, or belonging to ethnic minorities—face a higher risk of social isolation and unwanted loneliness. These structural conditions, compounded by a lack of support networks, significantly increase their vulnerability and negatively affect their physical, emotional, and social well-being. The study proposes incorporating into the PNMPAM’s problem tree eight (08) indirect causes reflecting these structural and social factors, as well as a new effect: social isolation and unwanted loneliness among older adults. In conclusion, addressing and integrating these issues is essential to ensure dignified aging, reduce structural inequalities, and promote the comprehensive well-being of the older adult population.
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Personas adultas mayores--Perú--Condiciones sociales, Aislamiento social--Perú, Calidad de vida--Perú, Políticas públicas--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
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