Informe Jurídico sobre la Resolución RIT No. 95-2019/Talca, Chile
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2025-02-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El tratamiento jurídico de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas es
una cuestión debatible, desde ciertos puntos de vista, y prometedora, desde
otros. A pesar de que su aplicación legal es una discusión vigente, incluso en las
legislaciones que ya regulan esta posibilidad, lo cierto es que este es un tema
contemporáneo, que aún tiene mucho por revelar. Chile es uno de los países
que comtemplan la responsabilidad penal empresarial a nivel normativo, y,
además, tiene pronunciamientos judiciales al respecto. Uno de ellos recae en la
resolución analizada en el presente informe.
En tal sentido, la finalidad de este informe es, principalmente, analizar si el
órgano jurisdiccional en cuestión realizó una adecuada evaluación a efectos de
determinar la responsabilidad penal de una empresa chilena, en el marco de la
Ley 20.393, norma que establece la responsabilidad penal de las empresas en
Chile. Para ello, este análisis se despliega en dos cuestionamientos: El primero
está relacionado con lo que regula la norma chilena para la atribución de
responsabilidad penal de una empresa; y, el segundo está relacionado con la
posibilidad de defensa que tiene esta, en nuestra legislación, frente a una
imputación de tal naturaleza.
De este modo, producto del análisis realizado, concluimos que el órgano
jurisdiccional chileno no efectuó una evaluación idónea para atribuir la
responsabilidad penal de esta empresa. Sin embargo, esta resolución nos
permite discutir diversos factores relacionados a la responsabilidad penal
empresarial y la importancia de la implementación de un Modelo de Prevención
de delitos en las empresas.
The legal treatment of the criminal liability of legal persons is a debatable issue, from some points of view, and a promising one from others. Even though its legal application is an ongoing discussion, even in legislations that already regulate this possibility, the truth is that this is a contemporary issue, which still has much to reveal. Chile is one of the countries that contemplate corporate criminal liability at a regulatory level, and it also has judicial pronouncements in this regard. One of them is the ruling analyzed in this report. In this sense, the purpose of this report is mainly to analyze whether the court in question made an adequate assessment in order to determine the criminal liability of a Chilean company, within the framework of Law 20.393, which establishes the criminal liability of companies in Chile. To this end, this analysis is deployed in two questions: The first is related to what the Chilean law regulates for the attribution of criminal liability of a company; and the second is related to the possibility of defense that the company has, in our legislation, in the face of an imputation of this nature. Therefore, as a result of the analysis carried out, we conclude that the Chilean court did not carry out a suitable assessment to attribute criminal liability to this company. However, this resolution allows us to discuss various factors related to corporate criminal liability and the importance of implementing a Crime Prevention Model in companies.
The legal treatment of the criminal liability of legal persons is a debatable issue, from some points of view, and a promising one from others. Even though its legal application is an ongoing discussion, even in legislations that already regulate this possibility, the truth is that this is a contemporary issue, which still has much to reveal. Chile is one of the countries that contemplate corporate criminal liability at a regulatory level, and it also has judicial pronouncements in this regard. One of them is the ruling analyzed in this report. In this sense, the purpose of this report is mainly to analyze whether the court in question made an adequate assessment in order to determine the criminal liability of a Chilean company, within the framework of Law 20.393, which establishes the criminal liability of companies in Chile. To this end, this analysis is deployed in two questions: The first is related to what the Chilean law regulates for the attribution of criminal liability of a company; and the second is related to the possibility of defense that the company has, in our legislation, in the face of an imputation of this nature. Therefore, as a result of the analysis carried out, we conclude that the Chilean court did not carry out a suitable assessment to attribute criminal liability to this company. However, this resolution allows us to discuss various factors related to corporate criminal liability and the importance of implementing a Crime Prevention Model in companies.
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Responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas, Empresas--Legislación--Chile, Prevención del delito--Chile
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