De la pretensión a la acción: Un análisis del caso Sinopharm y Sputnik V en Perú, al inicio de la pandemia del COVID-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En la pandemia del COVID-19, la cooperación entre los actores estatales no
solo fue un anhelo, sino también una necesidad. China y Rusia se presentaron como
distribuidores de Sinopharm y Sputnik V, respectivamente, en Perú, al inicio de esta
crisis sanitaria; momento en el cual, las vacunas occidentales fueron menos
asequibles a este país. En el gobierno de Vizcarra iniciaron las negociaciones para
acceder a Sinopharm, y, a inicios del 2021, fue adquirida por Perú, durante el gobierno
de Sagasti. Sin embargo, Sputnik no fue adquirida por Perú. Tres factores principales
explican esta situación. Uno de ellos consistió en los cuestionamientos hacia la
efectividad de la vacuna rusa por parte de entes especializados a nivel internacional
como The Lancet y la OMS y por parte de entidades especializadas a nivel doméstico
como la DIGEMID, a raíz de la falta de transparencia en el proceso de fabricación de
Sputnik. Otro factor fue el interés de China en distribuir su vacuna en Perú, mediante
una diplomacia sanitaria más activa que Rusia. El último factor fue la amplia
experiencia entre China y Perú en la cooperación sanitaria. Este vínculo posibilitó la
temprana adquisición de Sinopharm en este país. No obstante, Perú carece de un
registro histórico robusto con Rusia en materia sanitaria, restringiéndose al intento no
concretado de adquisición de su vacuna.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, cooperation between state actors was not only a desire but also a necessity. China and Russia presented themselves as distributors of Sinopharm and Sputnik V, respectively, in Peru at the onset of this health crisis, at a time when Western vaccines were less affordable for this country. The Vizcarra government began negotiations to access Sinopharm, and in early 2021, it was acquired by Peru during the Sagasti government. However, Sputnik was not acquired by Peru. Three main factors explain this situation. One of them was the questioning of the Russian vaccine's effectiveness by international specialized bodies such as The Lancet and the WHO, and by domestic specialized entities such as DIGEMID, due to the lack of transparency in Sputnik's manufacturing process. Another factor was China's interest in distributing its vaccine in Peru through more active health diplomacy than Russia. The final factor was the extensive experience between China and Peru in health cooperation. This link enabled the early acquisition of Sinopharm in Peru. However, Peru lacks a strong historical relationship with Russia in health matters, limited to an unsuccessful attempt to acquire its vaccine.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, cooperation between state actors was not only a desire but also a necessity. China and Russia presented themselves as distributors of Sinopharm and Sputnik V, respectively, in Peru at the onset of this health crisis, at a time when Western vaccines were less affordable for this country. The Vizcarra government began negotiations to access Sinopharm, and in early 2021, it was acquired by Peru during the Sagasti government. However, Sputnik was not acquired by Peru. Three main factors explain this situation. One of them was the questioning of the Russian vaccine's effectiveness by international specialized bodies such as The Lancet and the WHO, and by domestic specialized entities such as DIGEMID, due to the lack of transparency in Sputnik's manufacturing process. Another factor was China's interest in distributing its vaccine in Peru through more active health diplomacy than Russia. The final factor was the extensive experience between China and Peru in health cooperation. This link enabled the early acquisition of Sinopharm in Peru. However, Peru lacks a strong historical relationship with Russia in health matters, limited to an unsuccessful attempt to acquire its vaccine.
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Palabras clave
Pandemia de COVID-19, 2020---Aspectos políticos--Perú, Salud pública--Cooperación internacional, Vacunación--Perú--COVID-19 (Enfermedad), Perú--Relaciones internacionales--China, Perú--Relaciones internacionales--Rusia