Calidad de Vida Familiar desde la experiencia de madres de adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual
Date
2023-04-12
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación busca conocer la Calidad de Vida Familiar (CdVF) en familias de
adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual, desde la experiencia de la madre como cuidadora
principal. La investigación se desarrolló con una metodología cualitativa, se realizaron
entrevistas semi estructuradas con cinco madres de estudiantes con este diagnóstico,
matriculados en una Institución de Educación Básica Regular Inclusiva de Lima. Los
resultados muestran que, luego del diagnóstico, por desconocimiento del tema, la mayoría de
madres fueron señaladas como responsables de la discapacidad del hijo o la hija, lo que
generó sentimientos de tristeza y culpa. La etapa de adolescencia incrementó las dificultades
en la escuela y familia, lo que exige un mayor despliegue de recursos y estrategias para
incluir al miembro con discapacidad. Las madres valoran que acudan a una institución
educativa regular, aunque perciben que las dificultades de aprendizaje que experimentan sus
hijos e hijas, les generan frustración y mayor conciencia de sus limitaciones. Muestran
satisfacción y bienestar en la interacción con el grupo, a pesar de las limitaciones
económicas. Mientras que, la sobrecarga que recae en la madre, ha llevado a que abandonen o
modifiquen sus metas y proyectos personales. Perciben que el apoyo externo recibido ha sido
insuficiente y hacen explícita su preocupación por el futuro de sus hijos e hijas y anhelan que
logren una carrera técnica u oficio, aunque no tienen claro cómo lograrlo. Se evidencia la
necesidad de estrategias para fortalecer la CdVF, lo cual mejoraría la integración social de las
personas con discapacidad.
This research seeks to know the Family Quality of Life (FQoL) in families of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, from the experience of the mother as the main caregiver. The research was developed with a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five mothers of students with this diagnosis, enrolled in an Inclusive Regular Basic Education Institution in Lima. The results show that, after the diagnosis, due to ignorance of the subject, the majority of mothers were pointed out as being responsible for the disability of their son or daughter, which generated feelings of sadness and guilt. The stage of adolescence increased difficulties in school and family, which requires a greater deployment of resources and strategies to include the member with disabilities. The mothers appreciate that they go to a regular educational institution, although they perceive that the learning difficulties experienced by their sons and daughters generate frustration and greater awareness of their limitations. They show satisfaction and well-being in the interaction with the group, despite economic limitations. Meanwhile, the overload that falls on the mother has led them to abandon or modify their goals and personal projects. They perceive that the external support received has been insufficient and express their concern for the future of their sons and daughters and hope that they will achieve a technical career or trade, although they are not clear on how to achieve it. The need for strategies to strengthen FQoL is evident, which would improve the social integration of people with disabilities.
This research seeks to know the Family Quality of Life (FQoL) in families of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, from the experience of the mother as the main caregiver. The research was developed with a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five mothers of students with this diagnosis, enrolled in an Inclusive Regular Basic Education Institution in Lima. The results show that, after the diagnosis, due to ignorance of the subject, the majority of mothers were pointed out as being responsible for the disability of their son or daughter, which generated feelings of sadness and guilt. The stage of adolescence increased difficulties in school and family, which requires a greater deployment of resources and strategies to include the member with disabilities. The mothers appreciate that they go to a regular educational institution, although they perceive that the learning difficulties experienced by their sons and daughters generate frustration and greater awareness of their limitations. They show satisfaction and well-being in the interaction with the group, despite economic limitations. Meanwhile, the overload that falls on the mother has led them to abandon or modify their goals and personal projects. They perceive that the external support received has been insufficient and express their concern for the future of their sons and daughters and hope that they will achieve a technical career or trade, although they are not clear on how to achieve it. The need for strategies to strengthen FQoL is evident, which would improve the social integration of people with disabilities.
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Keywords
Calidad de vida--Aspectos psicológicos, Personas con discapacidad--Educación, Adolescentes--Educación, Relaciones familiares
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