Procesos de comunicación del sector público para la titulación de tierras de comunidades campesinas 2016-2019
Date
2023-01-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación analiza la comunicación para el alineamiento decisional de las
políticas y planes en las entidades del Estado involucradas con uno de los Objetivos de
Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas y las Recomendaciones de la OIT relativas a
la eliminación de la extrema pobreza en las poblaciones más vulnerables, que en este caso
fueron las comunidades campesinas.
El Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) y la Organización
Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), mediante la Agenda para el Desarrollo Sostenible y la
Declaración 169, posicionan la necesidad de la titulación de tierras como medio de
erradicación de la extrema pobreza de las comunidades campesinas. Dichos lineamientos
son una exigencia con rango constitucional para el Estado peruano y los organismos
implicados del gobierno central y regional en beneficio de las comunidades campesinas
cuya población se debate mayormente en la extrema pobreza.
La metodología empleada ha sido cualitativa, comprendiendo las técnicas del análisis de
contenido para verificar el alineamiento decisional contenido en las políticas y planes del
Gobierno Central (Foro del Acuerdo Nacional, Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego) y
los Gobiernos Regionales de Apurímac, Cusco y Junín, en los años 2016-2019. También se
ha utilizado, de modo secundario, entrevistas en profundidad a funcionarios encargados de
la titulación de tierras y congresistas de la Comisión de Titulación de Tierras de las
Comunidades Campesinas y Nativas del Congreso de la República en el año 2019. Los
resultados confirman la inexistencia de un alineamiento a las decisiones internacionales por
parte del Foro del Acuerdo nacional y del MIDAGRI; la ruptura de la cadena de valor
5
público con las Entidades Ejecutoras de los Gobiernos Regionales; y, la exclusión de las
comunidades campesinas de las principales decisiones sobre propiedad territorial integral,
consulta previa para mejorar su capacidad de negociación y acceder a los beneficios del
subsuelo y de los recursos productivos colindantes.
A partir de esta desatención comunicacional y decisional, las comunidades campesinas,
además de extremadamente pobres, quedan como los sectores más afectados por la
desigualdad horizontal; es decir, por la discriminación étnico racial, cuyas consecuencias
en el ordenamiento social son imprevisibles.
The present investigation analyzes the communication for the decisional alignment of the policies and plans in the State entities involved with one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the ILO Recommendations related to the elimination of extreme poverty in populations. most vulnerable, which in this case were the peasant communities. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the International Labor Organization (ILO), through the Agenda for Sustainable Development and Declaration 169, position the need for land titling as a means of eradicating extreme poverty of the peasant communities. These guidelines are a requirement with constitutional rank for the Peruvian State and the central and regional government agencies involved for the benefit of 6 peasant communities whose population is mostly struggling in extreme poverty. The methodology used has been qualitative, including content analysis techniques to verify the decisional alignment contained in the policies and plans of the Central Government (National Agreement Forum, Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation) and the Regional Governments of Apurímac, Cusco and Junín, in the years 2016-2019. Secondarily, in-depth interviews with officials in charge of land titling and congressmen of the Land Titling Commission of the Peasant and Native Communities of the Congress of the Republic in 2019 have also been used. The results confirm the nonexistence of an alignment to international decisions by the National Agreement Forum and MIDAGRI; the rupture of the public value chain with the Executing Entities of the Regional Governments; and, the exclusion of peasant communities from the main decisions on integral territorial property, prior consultation to improve their negotiation capacity and access to the benefits of the subsoil and adjacent productive resources. From this communicational and decisional neglect, peasant communities, in addition to being extremely poor, remain the sectors most affected by horizontal inequality; that is, due to ethnic-racial discrimination, whose consequences on the social order are unpredictable.
The present investigation analyzes the communication for the decisional alignment of the policies and plans in the State entities involved with one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the ILO Recommendations related to the elimination of extreme poverty in populations. most vulnerable, which in this case were the peasant communities. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the International Labor Organization (ILO), through the Agenda for Sustainable Development and Declaration 169, position the need for land titling as a means of eradicating extreme poverty of the peasant communities. These guidelines are a requirement with constitutional rank for the Peruvian State and the central and regional government agencies involved for the benefit of 6 peasant communities whose population is mostly struggling in extreme poverty. The methodology used has been qualitative, including content analysis techniques to verify the decisional alignment contained in the policies and plans of the Central Government (National Agreement Forum, Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation) and the Regional Governments of Apurímac, Cusco and Junín, in the years 2016-2019. Secondarily, in-depth interviews with officials in charge of land titling and congressmen of the Land Titling Commission of the Peasant and Native Communities of the Congress of the Republic in 2019 have also been used. The results confirm the nonexistence of an alignment to international decisions by the National Agreement Forum and MIDAGRI; the rupture of the public value chain with the Executing Entities of the Regional Governments; and, the exclusion of peasant communities from the main decisions on integral territorial property, prior consultation to improve their negotiation capacity and access to the benefits of the subsoil and adjacent productive resources. From this communicational and decisional neglect, peasant communities, in addition to being extremely poor, remain the sectors most affected by horizontal inequality; that is, due to ethnic-racial discrimination, whose consequences on the social order are unpredictable.
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Comunicación, Sector público--Perú, Comunidades Campesinas--Perú, Titulación de tierras, Gobierno regional--Perú
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