Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia de Casación N.° 178-2022/Loreto
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
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El presente informe jurídico tiene como finalidad analizar la Sentencia de
Casación N.° 178-2022/Loreto, emitida por la Sala Penal Permanente de la Corte
Suprema de Justicia. En ese sentido, el principal problema jurídico identificado
consiste en determinar si la Corte Suprema realizó un análisis jurídico correcto
para atribuir responsabilidad penal a Yván Enrique Vásquez Valera –como
autor– y a Edwin León Valverde Alcóser –como cómplice primario– por el delito
de colusión agravada, así como para fijar la reparación civil correspondiente.
Para abordar adecuadamente el problema jurídico planteado, recurro al análisis
de diversos instrumentos normativos, como el Código Penal, el Nuevo Código
Procesal Penal, la Ley de Contrataciones del Estado, entre otros. Este marco
normativo se complementa con la referencia a los aportes de diferentes autores
de la dogmática penal nacional e internacional. Asimismo, incluyo el análisis de
acuerdos plenarios, así como de diversos pronunciamientos de la Corte
Suprema y el Tribunal Constitucional, los cuales ofrecen criterios interpretativos
importantes para la resolución del caso.
Tras el análisis efectuado, concluyo que la Sala Penal Permanente erró al
calificar la conducta de Yván Enrique Vásquez Valera como una omisión
impropia, pues del expediente se advierten indicios que permiten inferir su
participación activa en la comisión del delito. Asimismo, considero que el monto
total pagado por las motochatas debe ser reconocido como un daño patrimonial
indemnizable, ya que se trató de una adquisición injustificada –no
presupuestada, ni orientada a una necesidad pública real–, lo que configura un
perjuicio económico para el erario público.
This legal report aims to analyze Cassation Judgment N.° 178-2022/Loreto, issued by the Permanent Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice. In this regard, the main legal issue identified consists of determining whether the Supreme Court conducted a correct legal analysis to attribute criminal liability to Yvan Enrique Vasquez Valera –as perpetrator– and to Edwin Leon Valverde Alcoser –as primary accomplice– for the crime of aggravated collusion, as well as to establish the corresponding civil reparation. To adequately address the legal problem posed, I resort to an analysis of various normative instruments, including the Criminal Code, the New Criminal Procedure Code, and the State Contracting Law, among others. This normative framework is complemented by reference to the contributions of different authors from national and international criminal law doctrine. Likewise, I include the analysis of plenary agreements, as well as various pronouncements from the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, which offer important interpretative criteria for resolving the case. After conducting the analysis, I conclude that the Permanent Criminal Chamber erred in qualifying Yvan Enrique Vasquez Valera’s conduct as an improper omission, since the case file reveals evidence that allows for inferring his active participation in the commission of the crime. Similarly, I consider that the total amount paid for the inland barges must be recognized as compensable patrimonial damage, since it was an unjustified acquisition –neither budgeted nor oriented toward a real public need–, which constitutes economic harm to the public treasury.
This legal report aims to analyze Cassation Judgment N.° 178-2022/Loreto, issued by the Permanent Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice. In this regard, the main legal issue identified consists of determining whether the Supreme Court conducted a correct legal analysis to attribute criminal liability to Yvan Enrique Vasquez Valera –as perpetrator– and to Edwin Leon Valverde Alcoser –as primary accomplice– for the crime of aggravated collusion, as well as to establish the corresponding civil reparation. To adequately address the legal problem posed, I resort to an analysis of various normative instruments, including the Criminal Code, the New Criminal Procedure Code, and the State Contracting Law, among others. This normative framework is complemented by reference to the contributions of different authors from national and international criminal law doctrine. Likewise, I include the analysis of plenary agreements, as well as various pronouncements from the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, which offer important interpretative criteria for resolving the case. After conducting the analysis, I conclude that the Permanent Criminal Chamber erred in qualifying Yvan Enrique Vasquez Valera’s conduct as an improper omission, since the case file reveals evidence that allows for inferring his active participation in the commission of the crime. Similarly, I consider that the total amount paid for the inland barges must be recognized as compensable patrimonial damage, since it was an unjustified acquisition –neither budgeted nor oriented toward a real public need–, which constitutes economic harm to the public treasury.
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Perú. Corte Suprema de Justicia--Jurisprudencia, Derecho penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú--Loreto, Derecho procesal penal--Perú, Recurso de casación--Jurisprudencia--Perú--Loreto, Administración pública--Perú
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