Propuesta de un marco regulatorio que incentive las inversiones eficientes en generación eléctrica en el Perú
Date
2020-09-02
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En este trabajo de investigación, se ha analizado el marco regulatorio del sector eléctrico
peruano enfocándose en los aspectos vinculados al incentivo a las inversiones en generación
eléctrica y se han descrito los principales problemas del sector (precio del gas, sobreoferta,
costos marginales deprimidos y barreras a las energías renovables no convencionales) para
garantizar nueva capacidad de generación eficiente que asegure la atención del crecimiento
de la demanda con seguridad y calidad en un entorno de competencia. De otro lado, se
identifican y cuestionan las intervenciones en el mercado por parte del Estado con
licitaciones coyunturales y otras normas. También se revisaron las valiosas experiencias de
otros países de la región.
Consideramos que hay ciertos principios básicos para proponer cualquier reforma que
consideren: el gas natural es recurso finito, neutralidad tecnológica, costo de desarrollo no
debe ser asumido solo por usuarios regulados y la modificación regulatoria propuesta se
debería poder aplicar en corto plazo y no debería causar costos encallados.
Como resultado del análisis efectuado se han elaborado las siguientes propuestas que pueden
hacerse, en el corto plazo, con modificaciones a nivel de la Ley 28832: desarrollar un esquema de subastas de un cargo por confiabilidad mejorado, implementar licitaciones por bloques horarios y con mayor anticipación y permitir a las ERNC hacer contratos flexibilizando los requisitos existentes
In this research work, the regulatory framework of the Peruvian electricity sector has been analyzed focusing on the aspects related to the incentive to investments in electricity generation and the main problems of the sector have been described (gas price, oversupply, depressed marginal costs and barrier to unconventional renewable energies) to guarantee new efficient generation capacity that ensures attention to the growth of demand with safety and quality in a competitive environment. On the other hand, interventions on the market by the State with conjunctural bids and other regulations are identified and questioned. The valuable experiences of other countries in the region were also reviewed. We believe that there are certain basic principles to propose any reform that consider: natural gas is a finite resource, technological neutrality, cost of development should not be assumed only by regulated users and the proposed regulatory modification should be applicable in the short term and should not cause stranded costs. As a result of the analysis carried out, the following proposals have been prepared that can be made, in the short term, with modifications at the level of Law 28832: develop an auction scheme for an improved reliability charge, implement bids for hourly blocks and with greater anticipation and allow NCREs to make contracts by relaxing existing requirements Key.
In this research work, the regulatory framework of the Peruvian electricity sector has been analyzed focusing on the aspects related to the incentive to investments in electricity generation and the main problems of the sector have been described (gas price, oversupply, depressed marginal costs and barrier to unconventional renewable energies) to guarantee new efficient generation capacity that ensures attention to the growth of demand with safety and quality in a competitive environment. On the other hand, interventions on the market by the State with conjunctural bids and other regulations are identified and questioned. The valuable experiences of other countries in the region were also reviewed. We believe that there are certain basic principles to propose any reform that consider: natural gas is a finite resource, technological neutrality, cost of development should not be assumed only by regulated users and the proposed regulatory modification should be applicable in the short term and should not cause stranded costs. As a result of the analysis carried out, the following proposals have been prepared that can be made, in the short term, with modifications at the level of Law 28832: develop an auction scheme for an improved reliability charge, implement bids for hourly blocks and with greater anticipation and allow NCREs to make contracts by relaxing existing requirements Key.
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Keywords
Producción de energía eléctrica--Perú, Industria eléctrica--Perú, Inversiones públicas--Perú
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