La tutela procesal efectiva y su relación con la ley Nº30364 - Ley para prevenir, sancionar y erradicar la violencia contra las mujeres y los integrantes del grupo familiar
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El presente estudio de investigación científica busca identificar la
interrelación actual entre los derechos que comprende la Tutela Procesal
Efectiva dentro del ámbito del Derecho Procesal y la Ley N° 30364 – Ley
para prevenir, sancionar y erradicar la violencia contra las mujeres y los
integrantes del grupo familiar y su reglamento. En ese sentido, si bien es
cierto no vamos a desarrollar el acceso a la jurisdicción por parte del
denunciante en este tipo de procesos desde la óptica de la Tutela
Jurisdiccional Efectiva, puesto que esta ley permite al legitimado activo el
otorgarle diferentes mecanismos para acceder a la Judicatura a efectos que
se resuelva determinar si resulta pertinente o no el establecimiento de
medidas de protección, el presente desarrollo versará respecto a otros
aspectos como la forma del acceso a la jurisdicción por parte del presunto
agresor, o dentro del ámbito de la Tutela Procesal Efectiva el analizar cómo
se desarrollan estos derechos vinculados con el derecho de defensa, el
derecho a probar, el derecho al contradictorio, el derecho a la igualdad
sustancial en el proceso, el derecho a que no se desvíe de la jurisdicción ni
se le someta a diferentes procedimientos estipulados en la ley, obtener una
resolución fundada en derecho, al acceso a medios impugnatorios, a la
actuación oportuna de las resoluciones judiciales, entre otros vinculados al
mismo.
En ese sentido, la investigación permitirá advertir que desde el análisis de
la ley y su aplicación práctica en los órganos jurisdiccionales, se podrá
identificar una posible vulneración a determinados derechos relacionados
en la Tutela Procesal Efectiva, como por ejemplo la mala praxis jurisdiccional
de prescindir de las audiencias sin mayor motivación que la justifique, el
hecho de no adjuntar a la resolución de dictado de las medidas de protección
los documentos que dieron mérito a su expedición en la notificación, permitir
observar un uso inadecuado de la cadena de custodia de los medios
probatorios que den mérito a la expedición de medidas de protección o en
el ámbito impugnatorio la falta de fijación de vista de la causa y la posibilidad
de informar oralmente ante el órgano superior al momento de impugnar las
medidas de protección, especialmente a la parte agresora, por considerarse esta resolución una apelación sin efecto suspensivo y sin la calidad de
diferida, que según el Código Procesal Civil no obliga escucha al apelante,
así como también la imposibilidad de acceder al recurso casatorio por no
considerarse sus resoluciones en una que le pone fin al proceso. En
consecuencia, si bien es cierto, la presente ley ha conseguido una
notoriedad muy evidente en nuestra realidad nacional, también es cierto que
en su desarrollo la misma ha acumulado deficiencias que pueden afectar al
debido proceso. Por ello, se busca de esta forma proponer mejores prácticas
desde el ámbito jurisdiccional, así como también proponer que se efectúen
modificaciones legislativas que otorguen garantías mínimas al trámite de
este proceso y de esta forma garantizar el derecho fundamental a la Tutela
Procesal Efectiva.
The present scientific research study seeks to identify the current interrelation between the rights that comprise Effective Procedural Protection within the scope of Procedural Law and Law No. 30364 – Law to prevent, punish and eradicate violence against women and members of the family group and its regulations. In this sense, although it is true that we are not going to develop the access to jurisdiction by the complainant in this type of process from the perspective of Effective Jurisdictional Protection, since this law allows the active legitimate party to be granted different mechanisms to access the Judiciary in order to determine whether or not the establishment of protection measures is pertinent, the present development will deal with other aspects such as the form of access to jurisdiction by the alleged aggressor, or within the scope of Effective Procedural Protection, the analysis of how these rights are developed linked to the right of defense, the right to prove, the right to contradiction, the right to substantial equality in the process, the right not to deviate from jurisdiction or be subjected to different procedures stipulated in the law, to obtain a resolution based on law, to access to appeal means, to the timely action of judicial resolutions, among others linked to it. In this sense, the investigation will allow us to see that from the analysis of the law and its practical application in the jurisdictional bodies, a possible violation of certain rights related to the Effective Procedural Protection can be identified, such as the jurisdictional malpractice of dispensing with hearings without further justification, the fact of not attaching to the resolution of the issuance of the protection measures the documents that gave rise to their issuance in the notification, allowing to observe an inadequate use of the chain of custody of the evidence that gives rise to the issuance of protection measures or in the appeal area the lack of setting a hearing of the case and the possibility of reporting orally to the higher body at the time of challenging the protection measures, especially to the aggressor party, since this resolution is considered an appeal without suspensive effect and without the quality of deferred, which according to the Civil Procedure Code does not oblige the appellant to be heard, as well as the impossibility of accessing the cassation appeal because its resolutions are not considered in one that It puts an end to the process. Consequently, while it is true that this law has achieved a very evident notoriety in our national reality, it is also true that in its development it has accumulated deficiencies that may affect due process. Therefore, in this way we seek to propose better practices from the jurisdictional sphere, as well as to propose that legislative modifications be made that grant minimum guarantees to the processing of this process and in this way guarantee the fundamental right to Effective Procedural Protection.
The present scientific research study seeks to identify the current interrelation between the rights that comprise Effective Procedural Protection within the scope of Procedural Law and Law No. 30364 – Law to prevent, punish and eradicate violence against women and members of the family group and its regulations. In this sense, although it is true that we are not going to develop the access to jurisdiction by the complainant in this type of process from the perspective of Effective Jurisdictional Protection, since this law allows the active legitimate party to be granted different mechanisms to access the Judiciary in order to determine whether or not the establishment of protection measures is pertinent, the present development will deal with other aspects such as the form of access to jurisdiction by the alleged aggressor, or within the scope of Effective Procedural Protection, the analysis of how these rights are developed linked to the right of defense, the right to prove, the right to contradiction, the right to substantial equality in the process, the right not to deviate from jurisdiction or be subjected to different procedures stipulated in the law, to obtain a resolution based on law, to access to appeal means, to the timely action of judicial resolutions, among others linked to it. In this sense, the investigation will allow us to see that from the analysis of the law and its practical application in the jurisdictional bodies, a possible violation of certain rights related to the Effective Procedural Protection can be identified, such as the jurisdictional malpractice of dispensing with hearings without further justification, the fact of not attaching to the resolution of the issuance of the protection measures the documents that gave rise to their issuance in the notification, allowing to observe an inadequate use of the chain of custody of the evidence that gives rise to the issuance of protection measures or in the appeal area the lack of setting a hearing of the case and the possibility of reporting orally to the higher body at the time of challenging the protection measures, especially to the aggressor party, since this resolution is considered an appeal without suspensive effect and without the quality of deferred, which according to the Civil Procedure Code does not oblige the appellant to be heard, as well as the impossibility of accessing the cassation appeal because its resolutions are not considered in one that It puts an end to the process. Consequently, while it is true that this law has achieved a very evident notoriety in our national reality, it is also true that in its development it has accumulated deficiencies that may affect due process. Therefore, in this way we seek to propose better practices from the jurisdictional sphere, as well as to propose that legislative modifications be made that grant minimum guarantees to the processing of this process and in this way guarantee the fundamental right to Effective Procedural Protection.
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