Factores que limitan el óptimo desarrollo de la estrategia educativa a distancia “Aprendo en Casa”, en escolares de nivel primaria de escuelas públicas del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, en el marco de la crisis sanitaria por el COVID-1
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación tuvo como propósito determinar aquellos factores que limitan el
óptimo desarrollo de la estrategia educativa a distancia Aprendo en Casa (AeC), a favor de
escolares de nivel primaria en escuelas públicas del distrito limeño de San Juan de
Lurigancho (SJL), en el marco de la pandemia del COVID-19.
Examinaremos, entre otros, el diseño de la intervención, la articulación entre los diferentes
actores involucrados en el proceso: MINEDU, DRELM, UGEL e instituciones educativas,
percepción de los beneficiarios (padres y docentes) respecto a la calidad de contenidos,
fiabilidad y, por ende, grado de utilidad del programa; así como las limitaciones
multifactoriales que afectaron a escolares, sus familias y a docentes, en aras de brindar,
además, propuestas de mejoras.
El trabajo se desarrolla sobre un enfoque cualitativo en un nivel descriptivo, bajo el método
de estudio de caso. Se recabó y analizó información de los principales actores involucrados
en el desarrollo de AeC tales como docentes y directores de escuelas públicas de SJL,
exfuncionarios y especialistas del MINEDU y DRELM, presentadores de los programas y los
contenidos de AeC, así como de padres de familia; para lo cual se usaron la entrevista
semiestructurada, focus group, observación participante, análisis de contenidos y revisión
documentaria.
Se halló que el idóneo funcionamiento de AeC se vio afectado por factores socioeconómicos
prepandémicos que el Estado no pudo abordar o abordó parcialmente, como la falta de
acceso a servicios básicos, al servicio de internet, a equipos tecnológicos y de comunicación,
que afectaron tanto a escolares como a docentes, entre otros. Agregado a la poca destreza
y adaptabilidad a la virtualidad de estos. Al inicio existió incertidumbre, deficiente coordinación
entre las autoridades educativas y los docentes, estos últimos, al igual que los padres de familia, en líneas generales, tuvieron poca credibilidad en AeC y, por ende, la estrategia fue
decayendo en cuanto a la necesidad de su uso.
The present research aimed to identify the factors that limit the optimal development of the distance education strategy Aprendo en Casa (AeC), designed for primary-level students in public schools in the Lima district of San Juan de Lurigancho (SJL), within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among other aspects, the study examines the design of the intervention; the coordination among the different actors involved in the process — the Ministry of Education (MINEDU), the Lima Regional Directorate of Education (DRELM), the Local Educational Management Units (UGEL), and educational institutions; the perceptions of beneficiaries (parents and teachers) regarding the quality, reliability, and overall usefulness of the program’s content; as well as the multifactorial limitations that affected students, their families, and teachers, with the purpose of also providing improvement proposals. The research follows a qualitative approach at a descriptive level, using the case study method. Information was collected and analyzed from the main actors involved in the implementation of AeC, such as teachers and principals of public schools in SJL, former officials and specialists from MINEDU and DRELM, program hosts and content producers of AeC, as well as parents. To this end, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, participant observation, content analysis, and document review were employed. The findings revealed that the proper functioning of AeC was affected by pre-pandemic socioeconomic factors that the State either failed to address or only partially addressed—such as lack of access to basic services, internet connectivity, and technological or communication devices—which impacted both students and teachers, among others. Additionally, limited digital skills and adaptability to virtual environments further hindered implementation. At the beginning, there was uncertainty and poor coordination between educational authorities and teachers; the latter, along with parents, generally expressed low confidence in AeC, leading to a gradual decline in the perceived need and use of the strategy.
The present research aimed to identify the factors that limit the optimal development of the distance education strategy Aprendo en Casa (AeC), designed for primary-level students in public schools in the Lima district of San Juan de Lurigancho (SJL), within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among other aspects, the study examines the design of the intervention; the coordination among the different actors involved in the process — the Ministry of Education (MINEDU), the Lima Regional Directorate of Education (DRELM), the Local Educational Management Units (UGEL), and educational institutions; the perceptions of beneficiaries (parents and teachers) regarding the quality, reliability, and overall usefulness of the program’s content; as well as the multifactorial limitations that affected students, their families, and teachers, with the purpose of also providing improvement proposals. The research follows a qualitative approach at a descriptive level, using the case study method. Information was collected and analyzed from the main actors involved in the implementation of AeC, such as teachers and principals of public schools in SJL, former officials and specialists from MINEDU and DRELM, program hosts and content producers of AeC, as well as parents. To this end, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, participant observation, content analysis, and document review were employed. The findings revealed that the proper functioning of AeC was affected by pre-pandemic socioeconomic factors that the State either failed to address or only partially addressed—such as lack of access to basic services, internet connectivity, and technological or communication devices—which impacted both students and teachers, among others. Additionally, limited digital skills and adaptability to virtual environments further hindered implementation. At the beginning, there was uncertainty and poor coordination between educational authorities and teachers; the latter, along with parents, generally expressed low confidence in AeC, leading to a gradual decline in the perceived need and use of the strategy.
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Proyectos sociales--Perú, Educación primaria--Investigaciones--Perú, Educación virtual, Calidad en la educación
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