Evaluación de las relaciones aerocomerciales entre Perú y Chile y de las condiciones para ampliar los alcances del marco bilateral mediante un acuerdo de Cielos Abiertos
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo de investigación evalúa las relaciones aerocomerciales entre Perú y
Chile en un contexto global caracterizado por la liberalización de mercados aéreos
internacionales. Históricamente, la ruta Lima-Santiago-Lima ha destacado como el
principal mercado internacional del Perú. Sin embargo, ambos países mantienen una
regulación conservadora que limita los derechos de tráfico aéreo y la capacidad de los
servicios de transporte aéreo. Este enfoque contrasta con acuerdos de Cielos Abiertos,
como el suscrito entre la Unión Europea y Estados Unidos en 2007, que promovieron una
mayor conectividad y beneficios económicos compartidos.
En el caso de Perú y Chile, las preocupaciones sobre la dominancia de aerolíneas peruanas
vinculadas a grupos económicos chilenos han generado resistencia a la liberalización,
ante el riesgo de desequilibrios en la competencia y la distribución desigual de los
beneficios. La investigación plantea como hipótesis que el marco bilateral presenta un
nivel de liberalización menor respecto a acuerdos suscritos con otros países de América
y que no existen razones económicas o técnicas que justifiquen esta restricción.
La metodología incluye un análisis comparativo del marco normativo bilateral basado en
el estudio QUASAR de la OMC (2006), empleando el Air Liberalization Index (ALI)
para medir el grado de apertura. Además, se analizará el mercado aéreo mediante el Índice
de Herfindahl-Hirschman para determinar niveles de concentración. Los resultados
proporcionarán una base objetiva para proponer mejoras a la política aerocomercial,
contribuyendo a la toma de decisiones de entidades como el Ministerio de Transportes y
Comunicaciones (MTC).
The present research evaluates the air transport relations between Peru and Chile within a global context characterized by the liberalization of international air transport markets. Historically, the Lima-Santiago-Lima route has stood out as Peru's main international market. However, both countries maintain a conservative regulatory framework that limits air traffic rights and the capacity of air transport services. This approach contrasts with Open Skies agreements, such as the one signed between the European Union and the United States in 2007, which promoted greater connectivity and shared economic benefits. In the case of Peru and Chile, concerns about the dominance of Peruvian airlines linked to Chilean economic groups have generated resistance to liberalization, citing the risk of competition imbalances and the unequal distribution of benefits. The research hypothesizes that the bilateral framework reflects a lower level of liberalization compared to agreements signed with other countries in the Americas and that no economic or technical reasons justify such restrictions. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of the bilateral regulatory framework based on the WTO's 2006 QUASAR study, employing the Air Liberalization Index (ALI) to measure the degree of openness. Additionally, the air transport market will be analyzed using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to determine concentration levels. The results will provide an objective basis for proposing improvements to the air transport policy, contributing to the decision-making process of entities such as the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC).
The present research evaluates the air transport relations between Peru and Chile within a global context characterized by the liberalization of international air transport markets. Historically, the Lima-Santiago-Lima route has stood out as Peru's main international market. However, both countries maintain a conservative regulatory framework that limits air traffic rights and the capacity of air transport services. This approach contrasts with Open Skies agreements, such as the one signed between the European Union and the United States in 2007, which promoted greater connectivity and shared economic benefits. In the case of Peru and Chile, concerns about the dominance of Peruvian airlines linked to Chilean economic groups have generated resistance to liberalization, citing the risk of competition imbalances and the unequal distribution of benefits. The research hypothesizes that the bilateral framework reflects a lower level of liberalization compared to agreements signed with other countries in the Americas and that no economic or technical reasons justify such restrictions. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of the bilateral regulatory framework based on the WTO's 2006 QUASAR study, employing the Air Liberalization Index (ALI) to measure the degree of openness. Additionally, the air transport market will be analyzed using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to determine concentration levels. The results will provide an objective basis for proposing improvements to the air transport policy, contributing to the decision-making process of entities such as the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC).
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Aeronáutica comercial--Perú, Aeronáutica comercial--Chile, Libre comercio, Perú--Relaciones económicas exteriores--Chile, Chile--Relaciones económicas exteriores--Perú
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