Representaciones sociales y significados acerca de la maternidad y la no maternidad en un grupo de mujeres voluntariamente no madres de Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta investigación analiza desde un enfoque cualitativo y feminista, las
representaciones sociales de la maternidad y los significados atribuidos a la no
maternidad por parte de un grupo de mujeres profesionales de sectores medios en
Lima que han optado por no tener hijos. A partir de sus narrativas, se explora cómo
estas mujeres ejercen agencia reproductiva en un contexto marcado por fuertes
mandatos de género y un ideal normativo de la “buena madre”. El estudio se basó en
entrevistas a profundidad a nueve mujeres de entre 31 y 39 años, y el análisis se
estructuró desde la teoría del núcleo central de las representaciones sociales (Abric,
2001).
Los resultados muestran que el sacrificio constituye el núcleo central de sus
representaciones de la maternidad, asociándola con renuncias en múltiples esferas:
personal, profesional, emocional y económica. La responsabilidad y el cuidado
emergen como elementos periféricos resignificados: lejos de rechazar las
responsabilidades y el cuidado, estas mujeres los reconfiguran como prácticas éticas
desvinculadas de la maternidad. Además, la salud mental, la autonomía y el deseo
de libertad son centrales en la toma de sus decisiones reproductivas. Sus agencias
se manifiestan tanto desde su resistencia simbólica al mandato materno, como en su
capacidad de enunciar su elección desde discursos socialmente legitimados. La no
maternidad se posiciona como elección válida que interpela los modelos hegemónicos
de feminidad y propone nuevas formas de realización femenina.
This research analyzes, from a qualitative and feminist perspective, the social representations of motherhood and the meanings attributed to non-motherhood by a group of middle-class professional women in Lima who have voluntarily chosen not to have children. Drawing on their narratives, the study explores how these women exercise reproductive agency within a context marked by strong gender mandates and the normative ideal of the “good mother.” In-depth interviews were conducted with nine women aged between 31 and 39, and the analysis was guided by Abric’s (2001) theory of the central core of social representations. Findings reveal that sacrifice constitutes the central core of their representations of motherhood, which they associate with significant personal, professional, emotional, and economic costs. Responsibility and care emerge as peripheral elements that are re-signified: rather than rejecting care, these women reframe it as an ethical practice that is not inherently tied to motherhood. Mental health, autonomy, and the desire for freedom are central to the way they justify their decisions. Their reproductive agency is expressed both through symbolic resistance to the maternal mandate and through the use of socially legitimized discourses. Non-motherhood thus becomes a valid life choice that challenges hegemonic models of femininity and proposes new pathways for female self-realization.
This research analyzes, from a qualitative and feminist perspective, the social representations of motherhood and the meanings attributed to non-motherhood by a group of middle-class professional women in Lima who have voluntarily chosen not to have children. Drawing on their narratives, the study explores how these women exercise reproductive agency within a context marked by strong gender mandates and the normative ideal of the “good mother.” In-depth interviews were conducted with nine women aged between 31 and 39, and the analysis was guided by Abric’s (2001) theory of the central core of social representations. Findings reveal that sacrifice constitutes the central core of their representations of motherhood, which they associate with significant personal, professional, emotional, and economic costs. Responsibility and care emerge as peripheral elements that are re-signified: rather than rejecting care, these women reframe it as an ethical practice that is not inherently tied to motherhood. Mental health, autonomy, and the desire for freedom are central to the way they justify their decisions. Their reproductive agency is expressed both through symbolic resistance to the maternal mandate and through the use of socially legitimized discourses. Non-motherhood thus becomes a valid life choice that challenges hegemonic models of femininity and proposes new pathways for female self-realization.
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Maternidad--Perú--Lima, Representaciones sociales--Perú--Lima, Salud reproductiva--Perú--Lima, Salud mental--Perú--Lima, Feminismo--Perú--Lima
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