La casa que canta: Rito, espiritualidad e intermedicalidad en el tratamiento de la adicción en el Centro Takiwasi
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El Perú es un país donde el consumo de drogas y la adicción a ellas, con
graves consecuencias para la salud integral de las personas, constituyen un
problema latente y de gran impacto social. En este contexto, surge una proliferación
de Comunidades Terapéuticas [C.T.], centros de atención basados en el
internamiento desde una perspectiva psicosocial. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos
centros son ilegales, informales, con personal no calificado y procedimientos de
dudosa calidad científica y terapéutica. Entre las pocas Comunidades Terapéuticas
legales en el Perú, destaca el Centro Takiwasi, que ofrece un tratamiento alternativo
que integra técnicas y procedimientos culturales tradicionales seleccionados y
adaptados. Por ello, esta investigación se propuso analizar aspectos de esta
perspectiva terapéutica, incluyendo elementos culturales como procedimientos
rituales, aspectos religiosos, espirituales y simbolismo chamánico. Además, se
consideró que el tratamiento del Centro Takiwasi se enmarca en una perspectiva
intermédica, que combina medicina occidental y tradicional amazónica. Debido a la
dificultad de trabajar con pacientes en internamiento, se recurrió a ex pacientes
rehabilitados, personal y el equipo terapéutico para reconstruir aspectos clave del
proceso. También se exploró la visión de los ex pacientes sobre la intervención de
culturas nativas en su tratamiento. Una de las principales conclusiones fue el papel
central de los elementos religiosos y espirituales en la rehabilitación y
reestructuración de sus experiencias personales. La metodología incluyó entrevistas
semi-estructuradas, conversaciones informales, observación participante y revisión
de literatura. Se concluye resaltando la importancia de la espiritualidad para el
bienestar del centro y sus pacientes.
Peru is a country where drug consumption and addiction, with severe consequences for people's overall health, constitute a latent and highly impactful social problem. In this context, there has been a proliferation of Therapeutic Communities [T.C.], care centers based on residential treatment from a psychosocial perspective. However, most of these centers are illegal, informal, staffed by unqualified personnel, and employ procedures of questionable scientific and therapeutic quality. Among the few legal Therapeutic Communities in Peru, the Takiwasi Center stands out for offering an alternative treatment that integrates carefully selected and adapted traditional cultural techniques and procedures. For this reason, this research aimed to analyze aspects of this therapeutic perspective, including cultural elements such as ritual procedures, religious and spiritual aspects, and shamanic symbolism. Additionally, it was considered that the treatment at the Takiwasi Center falls within an intermedical perspective, combining Western and traditional Amazonian medicine. Due to the difficulty of working with patients in residential treatment, the study relied on rehabilitated former patients, staff, and the therapeutic team to reconstruct key aspects of the process. The study also explored the former patients' perspectives on the intervention of native cultures in their treatment. One of the main findings was the central role of religious and spiritual elements in the rehabilitation and restructuring of their personal experiences. The methodology included semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, participant observation, and a literature review. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of spirituality for the well-being of the center and its patients.
Peru is a country where drug consumption and addiction, with severe consequences for people's overall health, constitute a latent and highly impactful social problem. In this context, there has been a proliferation of Therapeutic Communities [T.C.], care centers based on residential treatment from a psychosocial perspective. However, most of these centers are illegal, informal, staffed by unqualified personnel, and employ procedures of questionable scientific and therapeutic quality. Among the few legal Therapeutic Communities in Peru, the Takiwasi Center stands out for offering an alternative treatment that integrates carefully selected and adapted traditional cultural techniques and procedures. For this reason, this research aimed to analyze aspects of this therapeutic perspective, including cultural elements such as ritual procedures, religious and spiritual aspects, and shamanic symbolism. Additionally, it was considered that the treatment at the Takiwasi Center falls within an intermedical perspective, combining Western and traditional Amazonian medicine. Due to the difficulty of working with patients in residential treatment, the study relied on rehabilitated former patients, staff, and the therapeutic team to reconstruct key aspects of the process. The study also explored the former patients' perspectives on the intervention of native cultures in their treatment. One of the main findings was the central role of religious and spiritual elements in the rehabilitation and restructuring of their personal experiences. The methodology included semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, participant observation, and a literature review. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of spirituality for the well-being of the center and its patients.
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Drogadicción--Tratamiento--Perú--Tarapoto (San Martín : Provincia), Centros de rehabilitación--Perú--Tarapoto (San Martín : Provincia), Medicina tradicional--Perú--Tarapoto (San Martín : Provincia), Comunidades terapéuticas--Perú--Tarapoto (San Martín : Provincia), Chamanismo--Perú--Tarapoto (San Martín : Provincia)
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