El proceso de toma de decisiones en política exterior: la decisión del Perú de acudir a la Corte Internacional de Justicia para resolver su diferendo marítimo con Chile
Date
2024-05-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el año 2006, durante el segundo gobierno del presidente peruano Alan
García, la relación bilateral con Chile atravesaba un buen momento en el ámbito
político y económico. En este contexto, recayó en el gobierno de Alan García el
desafío de presentar la demanda ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia de La Haya
(CIJ) para resolver el diferendo marítimo con Chile, que había sido cedida por el
gobierno anterior. Mediante el clásico modelo burocrático propuesto por Graham
Allison, este trabajo se propone explicar el proceso decisorio que llevó a que el Perú
finalmente presentara en enero de 2008 la demanda marítima ante la CIJ. El
argumento central del trabajo es que hubo tres factores claves para entender esta
decisión: en primer lugar, el liderazgo personalista del presidente Alan García respecto
al manejo de la relación bilateral con Chile que entró en conflicto con la visión del
canciller respecto a la presentación de la demanda; en segundo lugar, el fracaso de
la opción propuesta por el gobierno peruano de definir los límites marítimos por medio
de la opción negociada entre los cancilleres de Perú y Chile; y finalmente, el impacto
doméstico causado por la creación de una región Arica Parinacota, en una zona que
violaba el límite terrestre peruano.
In 2006, during the second administration of Peruvian President Alan García, the bilateral relationship with Chile was going through a good moment in the political and economic spheres. In this context, Alan García's government took on the challenge of presenting the claim before the International Court of Justice in The Hague (ICJ) to settle the maritime dispute with Chile, which had been ceded by the previous government. Using the classic bureaucratic model proposed by Graham Allison, this paper aims to explain the decision-making process that led Peru to finally present the maritime claim before the ICJ in January 2008. The central argument of the paper is that there were three key factors in understanding this decision: first, the personalistic leadership of President Alan García regarding the management of the bilateral relationship with Chile that conflicted with the foreign minister's vision regarding the filing of the claim; second, the failure of the option proposed by the Peruvian government to define the maritime boundaries through the negotiated option between the foreign ministers of Peru and Chile; and finally, the domestic impact caused by the creation of an Arica Parinacota region, in an area that violated the Peruvian land boundary.
In 2006, during the second administration of Peruvian President Alan García, the bilateral relationship with Chile was going through a good moment in the political and economic spheres. In this context, Alan García's government took on the challenge of presenting the claim before the International Court of Justice in The Hague (ICJ) to settle the maritime dispute with Chile, which had been ceded by the previous government. Using the classic bureaucratic model proposed by Graham Allison, this paper aims to explain the decision-making process that led Peru to finally present the maritime claim before the ICJ in January 2008. The central argument of the paper is that there were three key factors in understanding this decision: first, the personalistic leadership of President Alan García regarding the management of the bilateral relationship with Chile that conflicted with the foreign minister's vision regarding the filing of the claim; second, the failure of the option proposed by the Peruvian government to define the maritime boundaries through the negotiated option between the foreign ministers of Peru and Chile; and finally, the domestic impact caused by the creation of an Arica Parinacota region, in an area that violated the Peruvian land boundary.
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Keywords
Perú--Relaciones exteriores--Chile, Perú--Política exterior--Siglo XXI, Perú--Política y gobierno--Siglo XXI, García, Alan, 1949-2019
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