La entrevista política de televisión en vivo desde la perspectiva del Análisis de la Conversación
Date
2023-04-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Normativamente, la entrevista política de televisión en vivo (EPTV) sirve a la
democracia, al debate público, y a la comunicación política, permitiendo a la audiencia acceder
a la rendición de cuentas que la persona entrevistada (PE) lleva a cabo al responder a las
preguntas planteadas por la persona que hace la entrevista (PHE), labor que ésta realiza bajo
estándares profesionales de objetividad y neutralidad. Mundanamente, ¿la ETPV es realmente
así? El Análisis de la Conversación, de fuerte influencia anglosajona, es el campo sociológico
más fructífero en el estudio de la ETPV mundana. Sin embargo, en el Perú, ni la EPTV como
fenómeno social, ni el Análisis de la Conversación, como campo científico, cuentan con
atención académica suficiente. Por tanto, esta tesis tiene como objetivo general establecer —a
través de una revisión de literatura— el estado del conocimiento referido a la EPTV, así como
revisitar los pilares teóricos y metodológicos del Análisis de la Conversación, los que informan
una Sociología concernida con el orden social, uno que es configurado por las inter-acciones
conversacionales de sus miembros, que son las que subyacen a la existencia de un mundo social
compartido y a los mecanismos que les permiten hacer sentido de él. Los hallazgos muestran
una ETPV de carácter dual (normativo-mundano) que se realiza a través de encuentros
conversacionales de habla institucionalizada, mediática, pública, de consumo en tiempo real, y
cuyas manifestaciones concretas —(no) disidentes del estándar normativo— pueden ser
explicadas gracias a la estructura del orden interaccional, el cual, a partir de futuras
investigaciones, permitirá dar cuenta de los patrones conversacionales que configuran el cómo
las personas hablamos de, y hacemos sentido sobre, la política en el Perú.
From a normative perspective, live television political interview (LTPI) serves democracy, public debate, and political communication, allowing the audience to access the accountability that the interviewee (IE) carries out when answering to the questions posed by the interviewer (IR), inquiry that she / he performs under professional standards of objectivity and neutrality. From a mundane perspective, is LTPI, in fact, like that? Conversation Analysis, with a strong Anglo-American influence, is the most fruitful sociological field in the study of the mundane LTPI. However, in Peru, neither LTPI as a social phenomenon, nor Conversation Analysis, as a scientific field, have received enough academic attention. Therefore, this thesis has the general aim of establishing —through a literature review— the state of knowledge regarding LTPI. Likewise, it revisits the theoretical and methodological pillars of Conversation Analysis, which inform a Sociology concerned with social order, whose configuration is the product of conversational inter-actions of its members. These ones underlie the existence of a shared social world and the mechanisms that allow them to make sense of it. Findings show a LTPI dual in nature (normative-mundane), one carried out through conversational encounters, where institutionalized, broadcasted, and public talk takes place and consumed in real time. Thus, its concrete manifestations —(not) dissident of the normative standard— can be explained thanks to the structure of the interactional order, one that will be able to account, based on future research, for conversational patterns that shape how people talk about, and make sense of, politics in Peru.
From a normative perspective, live television political interview (LTPI) serves democracy, public debate, and political communication, allowing the audience to access the accountability that the interviewee (IE) carries out when answering to the questions posed by the interviewer (IR), inquiry that she / he performs under professional standards of objectivity and neutrality. From a mundane perspective, is LTPI, in fact, like that? Conversation Analysis, with a strong Anglo-American influence, is the most fruitful sociological field in the study of the mundane LTPI. However, in Peru, neither LTPI as a social phenomenon, nor Conversation Analysis, as a scientific field, have received enough academic attention. Therefore, this thesis has the general aim of establishing —through a literature review— the state of knowledge regarding LTPI. Likewise, it revisits the theoretical and methodological pillars of Conversation Analysis, which inform a Sociology concerned with social order, whose configuration is the product of conversational inter-actions of its members. These ones underlie the existence of a shared social world and the mechanisms that allow them to make sense of it. Findings show a LTPI dual in nature (normative-mundane), one carried out through conversational encounters, where institutionalized, broadcasted, and public talk takes place and consumed in real time. Thus, its concrete manifestations —(not) dissident of the normative standard— can be explained thanks to the structure of the interactional order, one that will be able to account, based on future research, for conversational patterns that shape how people talk about, and make sense of, politics in Peru.
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Keywords
Programas de televisión en vivo--Perú, Políticos--Entrevistas--Perú, Análisis de la conversación
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