Vivencia de la maternidad en madres con hijos con Síndrome de Down
Date
2024-06-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal describir la vivencia de la maternidad en 8
madres limeñas de un sector socioeconómico medio, cuyos hijos han sido diagnosticados con síndrome
de Down. La edad de las participantes oscila entre 29 y 46 años (M=37,9), y con hijos con edades entre
los 2 y 5 años (M=3,7) diagnosticados con Síndrome de Down. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada pues permite conocer y profundizar las experiencias, significados y perspectivas de las
participantes (Flick, 2015; Rodríguez et al., 1996). Ahondando, de manera puntual, en el vínculo que la
madre ha desarrollado con su hijo a partir del diagnóstico de la condición y las particularidades de dicha
relación.
Lo resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio revelan una reestructuración en la concepción previa
que tenían acerca de la maternidad frente a la demanda que requiere un hijo con discapacidad. En
estas madres el duelo que ha de realizarse entre la imagen del bebé fantaseado y el bebé real permitirá
lidiar de manera más pronta la situación y habituarse a la misma. Esto último genera un mejor pronóstico
en el desarrollo de sus hijos debido a la inmediatez con la que se da inicio a las distintas terapias y el
trabajo con estos niños y niñas, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con otras condiciones como lo son el
TDAH y TEA. Asimismo, es una maternidad que ha significado la postergación de diversos roles de su
vida y que se encuentra acompañada de sacrificio y una serie de renuncias, priorizando su maternidad
y el cuidado de sus hijos. Finalmente, se halló que dichas madres han contribuido y cumplen un rol
central en los logros alcanzados por sus hijos, teniendo así una imagen más positiva de ellos en la
actualidad y en el futuro.
The following study has as its main objective to describe the experience of maternity in 8 Lima mothers from a medium socioeconomic sector, whose children have been diagnosed with Down syndrome. The age of the participants ranges between 29 and 46 years (M = 37.88), and with children between the ages of 2 and 5 (M = 3.75) diagnosed with Down's Syndrome. A semi-structured interview was used since it allows knowing and deepening the experiences, meanings and perspectives of the participants (Flick, 2015; Rodriguez et al., 1996). Deepening, in a timely manner, the bond that the mother has developed with her child since the diagnosis of the condition and specifics of said bond. In these mothers, the mourning process that needs to take place between the fantasized baby image and the real baby will allow them to deal with the situation more promptly and become accustomed to it. The latter generates a better prognosis in the development of their children due to the immediacy with which the different therapies and work with these boys and girls begin, unlike what happens with other conditions such as ADHD and ASD. The results obtained in the following study reveal a restructuring of the previous concept that was thought about maternity in the face to the demand that a child with a disability requires. It is also a maternity that has meant the postponement of various roles in its life and that is accompanied by sacrifices, to prioritize the maternity and taking care of the children. Finally, it was found that these mothers have contributed and play a central role in the achievements of their children, having a more positive image of them now and in the future.
The following study has as its main objective to describe the experience of maternity in 8 Lima mothers from a medium socioeconomic sector, whose children have been diagnosed with Down syndrome. The age of the participants ranges between 29 and 46 years (M = 37.88), and with children between the ages of 2 and 5 (M = 3.75) diagnosed with Down's Syndrome. A semi-structured interview was used since it allows knowing and deepening the experiences, meanings and perspectives of the participants (Flick, 2015; Rodriguez et al., 1996). Deepening, in a timely manner, the bond that the mother has developed with her child since the diagnosis of the condition and specifics of said bond. In these mothers, the mourning process that needs to take place between the fantasized baby image and the real baby will allow them to deal with the situation more promptly and become accustomed to it. The latter generates a better prognosis in the development of their children due to the immediacy with which the different therapies and work with these boys and girls begin, unlike what happens with other conditions such as ADHD and ASD. The results obtained in the following study reveal a restructuring of the previous concept that was thought about maternity in the face to the demand that a child with a disability requires. It is also a maternity that has meant the postponement of various roles in its life and that is accompanied by sacrifices, to prioritize the maternity and taking care of the children. Finally, it was found that these mothers have contributed and play a central role in the achievements of their children, having a more positive image of them now and in the future.
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Keywords
Maternidad--Aspectos psicológicos, Síndrome de Down, Representación mental.
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