Un empleo de transición: el sentido del trabajo en un fast food. El caso de Starbucks en Lima
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2018-11-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El incremento de las franquicias de comida rápida trae consigo la implementación y
expansión de empleos considerados como Mc Jobs (empleo descalificado y precario)
(Sartielli, 1999. Gentile, 2003). Sin embargo, se convierten en un espacio masivo (y al
parecer atractivo) de inserción laboral para muchos jóvenes. Frente a un nuevo fenómeno laboral como el empleo brindado por este tipo de empresas, la pregunta que surge es qué particularidades presenta el Fast food como experiencia laboral en nuestro mercado laboral caracterizado por su informalidad, precariedad, y exclusión frente a los jóvenes (Chacaltana, 2007. Yamada, 2007). El objetivo central del presente estudio es analizar y comprender la construcción de significados y valorizaciones que los jóvenes asignan a su propio empleo a través del concepto sentido del trabajo. Se abordará el siguiente tema a través de un estudio de caso
donde se analizan las experiencias laborales de los jóvenes empleados de Starbucks
durante el 2013 y 2015 en Lima metropolitana. Se realizó una metodología cualitativa que, principalmente, se basó en entrevistas semiestructuradas al personal de Starbucks y otros actores clave. Se encontró como principales hallazgos que el significado y la relevancia del sentido del trabajo de los jóvenes son heterogéneas, complejas y dinámicas. Identificándose tres sentidos del trabajo con patrones y divergencias entre ellos. Se concluye que es éste tipo de trabajos es concebido como un trabajo relativamente relevante para su experiencia laboral y subjetiva, pero con un periodo de duración entre el corto y mediano plazo. Es decir, como un empleo de transición
The increase of fast food franchises brings with it the implementation and expansion of jobs considered as Mc Jobs (disqualified and precarious employment) (Sartielli, 1999. Gentile, 2003). However, they become a massive (and apparently attractive) space for employment for many young people. Faced with a new labor phenomenon such as the employment provided by this type of company, the question that arises is what particularities Fast Food presents as labor experience in our labor market characterized by its informality, precariousness, and exclusion for young people (Chacaltana, 2007. Yamada, 2007). The main objective of this study is to analyze and understand the construction of meanings and values that young people assign to their own employment through the concept of sense of work. The following topic will be addressed through a case study that analyzes the work experiences of the young Starbucks employees during 2013 and 2015 in metropolitan Lima. A qualitative methodology was carried out that, mainly, was based on semi-structured interviews with Starbucks staff and other key actors. It was found as main findings that the meaning and relevance of the sense of work of young people are heterogeneous, complex and dynamic. Identifying three work senses with patterns and divergences between them. It is concluded that this type of work is conceived as a relatively relevant work for their work experience and biographies, but with a period of duration between the short and medium term. In other words, as a transition job
The increase of fast food franchises brings with it the implementation and expansion of jobs considered as Mc Jobs (disqualified and precarious employment) (Sartielli, 1999. Gentile, 2003). However, they become a massive (and apparently attractive) space for employment for many young people. Faced with a new labor phenomenon such as the employment provided by this type of company, the question that arises is what particularities Fast Food presents as labor experience in our labor market characterized by its informality, precariousness, and exclusion for young people (Chacaltana, 2007. Yamada, 2007). The main objective of this study is to analyze and understand the construction of meanings and values that young people assign to their own employment through the concept of sense of work. The following topic will be addressed through a case study that analyzes the work experiences of the young Starbucks employees during 2013 and 2015 in metropolitan Lima. A qualitative methodology was carried out that, mainly, was based on semi-structured interviews with Starbucks staff and other key actors. It was found as main findings that the meaning and relevance of the sense of work of young people are heterogeneous, complex and dynamic. Identifying three work senses with patterns and divergences between them. It is concluded that this type of work is conceived as a relatively relevant work for their work experience and biographies, but with a period of duration between the short and medium term. In other words, as a transition job
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Empleo temporal--Perú--Lima, Juventud--Empleo--Perú--Lima, Restaurantes de comida rápida--Perú--Lima
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