Una política para Todas las Sangres: la elaboración de la Política Nacional para la Transversalización del Enfoque Intercultural
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En las últimas décadas, diversos países de la región incorporaron dentro de
su agenda política el componente de diversidad cultural. Esto se dio en respuesta a
movilizaciones sociales vinculadas a profundas desigualdades aparecidas a partir de
los nuevos modelos económicos neoextractivistas. En el Perú, a pesar de la
debilidad de los movimientos indígenas articulados se adopta la Política Nacional de
la Transversalización del Enfoque Intercultural en el año 2015, la cual fue un
esfuerzo del gobierno por promover lineamientos efectivos que aseguren la
convivencia y respeto mutuo entre las diversas culturas que comprenden el territorio
nacional. La presente investigación analiza los factores que determinaron la
elaboración de la presente política. Se encontró que la elaboración de la política se
produjo a partir de la congruencia de cinco factores explicativos: aparatos deficientes
de participación política, crisis de representación indígena, apertura al diálogo en
temas sociales por parte del gobierno central, una estructura administrativa
orientada a sistematizar la idea de interculturalidad y valores de funcionarios
enfocados a la resolución de problemáticas indígenas desde una esfera
academicista.
In recent decades, several countries in the region have incorporated the cultural diversity component into their political agenda. This occurred in response to social mobilizations linked to profound inequalities that emerged as a result of the new neo-extractivist economic models. In Peru, despite the weakness of the articulated indigenous movements, the National Policy for the Mainstreaming of the Intercultural Perspective was adopted in 2015, which was an effort by the government to promote effective guidelines to ensure coexistence and mutual respect among the diverse cultures that comprise the national territory. The present research analyzes the factors that determined the elaboration of this policy. It was found that the elaboration of the policy was based on the congruence of five explanatory factors: deficient political participation apparatus, indigenous representation crisis, openness to dialogue on social issues by the central government, an administrative structure oriented to systematize the idea of interculturality and the values of officials focused on the resolution of indigenous problems from an academic sphere.
In recent decades, several countries in the region have incorporated the cultural diversity component into their political agenda. This occurred in response to social mobilizations linked to profound inequalities that emerged as a result of the new neo-extractivist economic models. In Peru, despite the weakness of the articulated indigenous movements, the National Policy for the Mainstreaming of the Intercultural Perspective was adopted in 2015, which was an effort by the government to promote effective guidelines to ensure coexistence and mutual respect among the diverse cultures that comprise the national territory. The present research analyzes the factors that determined the elaboration of this policy. It was found that the elaboration of the policy was based on the congruence of five explanatory factors: deficient political participation apparatus, indigenous representation crisis, openness to dialogue on social issues by the central government, an administrative structure oriented to systematize the idea of interculturality and the values of officials focused on the resolution of indigenous problems from an academic sphere.
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Multiculturalismo, Diversidad cultural--Perú, Perú--Política y gobierno--Siglo XXI, Política pública--Perú
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