La disputa por el liderazgo en el Golfo Pérsico entre Arabia Saudí y la República Islámica de Irán
Date
2023-06-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El golfo Pérsico es una subregión de Medio Oriente considerada por diversos
autores como influyente por los Estados ricos en recursos como el petróleo y
estratégica por su posición geográfica de importante conexión marítima. En esta
subregión se han dado una serie de conflictos entre distintos países en los últimos
cuarenta años. Uno de ellos es el que protagonizan por el liderazgo regional Irán y
Arabia Saudí.
A partir de un marco realista, la tesis plantea que la Primavera Árabe, aquel
movimiento de protestas prodemocráticas surgido a fines del 2010, causó una
intensificación de la lucha por el poder regional en el golfo Pérsico entre ambos
países, que se manifiesta con el involucramiento tanto de Teherán como Riad en
conflictos internos de países vecinos, como Yemen o Bahréin, y en esa línea, el
refuerzo de la ayuda a sus aliados tradicionales. Así, la investigación mostró que
aunque el interés nacional de los Estados analizados se mantuvo antes, durante y
después de la Primavera Árabe, este evento fue un punto de inflexión porque trajo el
cambio de la política exterior iraní y saudí: ambos regímenes buscaron mantener sus
regímenes, de acuerdo a la nueva realidad y, así, mantener el equilibrio de poder en el
golfo Pérsico.
The Persian Gulf is a subregion of the Middle East considered by several authors as influential because of the States rich in resources such as oil and strategic due to its geographical position of important maritime connection. In this subregion, there have been a series of conflicts between different countries in the last forty years. One of them is the one between Iran and Saudi Arabia for regional leadership. Based on a realistic framework, the thesis proposes that the Arab Spring, that movement of pro-democracy protests that emerged in late 2010, caused an intensification of the struggle for regional power in the Persian Gulf between the two countries, which is manifested by the involvement of both Tehran and Riyadh in internal conflicts in neighboring countries, such as Yemen and Bahrain, and along these lines, the reinforcement of aid to their traditional allies. Thus, the research showed that although the national interest of the analyzed states was maintained before, during and after the Arab Spring, this event was a turning point because it brought the change of Iranian and Saudi foreign policy: both regimes sought to maintain their regimes, according to the new reality and, thus, maintain the balance of power in the Persian Gulf.
The Persian Gulf is a subregion of the Middle East considered by several authors as influential because of the States rich in resources such as oil and strategic due to its geographical position of important maritime connection. In this subregion, there have been a series of conflicts between different countries in the last forty years. One of them is the one between Iran and Saudi Arabia for regional leadership. Based on a realistic framework, the thesis proposes that the Arab Spring, that movement of pro-democracy protests that emerged in late 2010, caused an intensification of the struggle for regional power in the Persian Gulf between the two countries, which is manifested by the involvement of both Tehran and Riyadh in internal conflicts in neighboring countries, such as Yemen and Bahrain, and along these lines, the reinforcement of aid to their traditional allies. Thus, the research showed that although the national interest of the analyzed states was maintained before, during and after the Arab Spring, this event was a turning point because it brought the change of Iranian and Saudi foreign policy: both regimes sought to maintain their regimes, according to the new reality and, thus, maintain the balance of power in the Persian Gulf.
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Keywords
Primavera Árabe, 2010-, Golfo Pérsico, Región--Historia, Arabia Saudita--Relaciones--Irán, Irán--Relaciones--Arabia Saudita
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