Informe jurídico sobre expediente de relevancia jurídica Nº00878-2022-P/TC, E-2851 sobre la reincorporación solicitada por un obrero regional contra la DIRESA-Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
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El presente informe analiza el Expediente Nº 00878-2022-PA/TC, que contiene el caso de un
trabajador de la Dirección Regional de Salud de Lima, quien fue despedido mediante
WhatsApp, luego de que la entidad tomará conocimiento de su estado de salud.
Al respecto, el Tribunal Constitucional, tras determinar la desnaturalización del contrato de
locación de servicios, declara nulo el despido y establece una solución innovadora que busca
equilibrar el derecho a la estabilidad laboral y la meritocracia, ordenando la reincorporación
inmediata del trabajador en el cargo de chofer que desempeñaba hasta la convocatoria de
concurso público, así como el pago de remuneraciones devengadas, a pesar de señalar
expresamente que al caso no le resulta aplicable el precedente Huatuco (sentencia del
Expediente Nº 05057-2013-PA/TC). Asimismo, en la sentencia no se hace referencia alguna
al artículo 5 de la Ley Marco del Empleo Público, que establece que el acceso al empleo
público se realiza mediante concurso público abierto en base al mérito y la capacidad.
En la resolución del presente caso, el TC no utiliza la normativa interna, recurriendo a una
interpretación extensiva de la Constitución y los derechos constitucionales, lo cual se conoce
como activismo judicial. En ese sentido, no aplica el régimen laboral del Decreto Legislativo
Nº 728, aspecto importante para la reincorporación y el pago de las remuneraciones dejadas
de percibir del trabajador; asimismo, el desarrollo sobre el despido nulo es general y confuso.
Finalmente, a pesar de coincidir con la decisión del Tribunal Constitucional en su resolución
del caso, discrepo en algunos aspectos de su razonamiento y análisis para llegar a sus
conclusiones. Por ello, en la elaboración del presente informe se ha aplicado el método de
análisis de doctrina, legislación y jurisprudencia de mayor relevancia en la materia.
This report analyzes Case Nº 00878-2022-PA/TC, which concerns the case of an employee of the Regional Health Directorate of Lima who was dismissed via WhatsApp after the entity became aware of his health condition. In this regard, the Constitutional Court, after determining that the service contract had been misrepresented, declared the dismissal null and void and established an innovative solution that seeks to balance the right to job stability and meritocracy, ordering the immediate reinstatement of the worker in the position of driver that he held until the public competition was announced, as well as the payment of accrued remuneration, despite expressly stating that the Huatuco precedent (Case Nº 05057-2013-PA/TC) is not applicable to the case. Furthermore, the verdict makes no reference to Article 5 of the Framework Law on Public Employment, which establishes that access to public employment is granted through open competition based on merit and ability. In resolving this case, the Constitutional Court did not apply domestic law, resorting instead to a broad interpretation of the Constitution and constitutional rights, which is known as judicial activism. In this regard, it did not apply the labor regime of Legislative Decree No. 728, an important aspect for the reinstatement and payment of the worker's lost wages; likewise, the discussion of null dismissal is general and confusing. Finally, although I agree with the Constitutional Court's decision in its ruling on the case, I disagree with some aspects of its reasoning and analysis in reaching its conclusions. For this reason, in preparing this report, I have applied the method of analyzing the most relevant doctrine, legislation, and case law on the subject.
This report analyzes Case Nº 00878-2022-PA/TC, which concerns the case of an employee of the Regional Health Directorate of Lima who was dismissed via WhatsApp after the entity became aware of his health condition. In this regard, the Constitutional Court, after determining that the service contract had been misrepresented, declared the dismissal null and void and established an innovative solution that seeks to balance the right to job stability and meritocracy, ordering the immediate reinstatement of the worker in the position of driver that he held until the public competition was announced, as well as the payment of accrued remuneration, despite expressly stating that the Huatuco precedent (Case Nº 05057-2013-PA/TC) is not applicable to the case. Furthermore, the verdict makes no reference to Article 5 of the Framework Law on Public Employment, which establishes that access to public employment is granted through open competition based on merit and ability. In resolving this case, the Constitutional Court did not apply domestic law, resorting instead to a broad interpretation of the Constitution and constitutional rights, which is known as judicial activism. In this regard, it did not apply the labor regime of Legislative Decree No. 728, an important aspect for the reinstatement and payment of the worker's lost wages; likewise, the discussion of null dismissal is general and confusing. Finally, although I agree with the Constitutional Court's decision in its ruling on the case, I disagree with some aspects of its reasoning and analysis in reaching its conclusions. For this reason, in preparing this report, I have applied the method of analyzing the most relevant doctrine, legislation, and case law on the subject.
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Derecho laboral--Legislación--Perú, Empleados públicos--Perú, Perú. Tribunal Constitucional--Jurisprudencia, Estabilidad laboral
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