Experiencias de participación y representaciones sociales sobre ciudadanía de las y los estudiantes de educación secundaria
Date
2023-12-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar de qué manera las experiencias de
participación, realizadas desde organizaciones representativas de estudiantes, influyen en las
representaciones sociales de ciudadanía. Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiples e
instrumental en tres colegios públicos de Lima Metropolitana a fin de analizar la influencia.
Se encontró que existen representaciones diversas, tanto sociales como individuales, que
fluctúan entre lo propuesto por la política educativa y las ideas propias, y entre lo escuchado
y experimentado. Entonces, si bien, y en forma general, la ciudadanía se representa como un
grupo de personas que participan y que tienen deberes y derechos al ser parte de una
comunidad, lo cierto es que existen significados propios que se asumen desde, por ejemplo,
la experiencia de participación o la minoría de edad. De esta manera, las diferencias entre las
representaciones se basan en el modo de concebir la participación ciudadana y la ciudadanía
en estudiantes. Así, si en la experiencia se ha impulsado debatir o analizar problemas sociales,
se concibe que la ciudadanía también debería actuar de esa manera. En el caso de estudiantes,
solo en la institución educativa (IE) donde tuvieron mayor autonomía se considera que sí
pueden ser ciudadanos. Entonces, la deliberación (sobre problemas sociales) y los mayores
niveles de autonomía (de los estudiantes) pueden construir diferentes tipos de ciudadanía.
Los resultados ayudan a reconocer que “buenas experiencias de participación” podrían
aportar “buenas ideas de ciudadanía” y, con relación a ello, descubrir nuevos constructos
teóricos, desde el enfoque de justicia social, en torno a la configuración de las
representaciones de ciudadanía a partir de experiencias específicas.
The objective of this research is to analyze how the experiences of participation, carried out from representative student organizations, influence the social representations of citizenship. A multiple and instrumental case study was carried out in three public schools in Metropolitan Lima in order to analyze the influence. It was found that there are diverse representations, both social and individual, that fluctuate between what is proposed by educational policy and one's own ideas, and between what is heard and experienced. So, although citizenship is represented as a group of people who participate and who have duties and rights as part of a community, the truth is that there are their own meanings that are assumed from, for example, the experience of participation or minority old. In this way, the differences between the representations are based on the way of conceiving citizen participation and citizenship in students. Thus, if the experience has promoted debating or analyzing social problems, it is understood that citizens should also act in this way. In the case of students, only in the educational institution (EI) where they had greater autonomy is it considered that they can be citizens. So, deliberation (about social problems) and higher levels of autonomy (of students) can build different kinds of citizenship. The results help to recognize that "good experiences of participation" could contribute "good ideas of citizenship" and, in relation to this, discover new theoretical constructs, from the social justice approach, around the configuration of representations of citizenship through based on specific experiences.
The objective of this research is to analyze how the experiences of participation, carried out from representative student organizations, influence the social representations of citizenship. A multiple and instrumental case study was carried out in three public schools in Metropolitan Lima in order to analyze the influence. It was found that there are diverse representations, both social and individual, that fluctuate between what is proposed by educational policy and one's own ideas, and between what is heard and experienced. So, although citizenship is represented as a group of people who participate and who have duties and rights as part of a community, the truth is that there are their own meanings that are assumed from, for example, the experience of participation or minority old. In this way, the differences between the representations are based on the way of conceiving citizen participation and citizenship in students. Thus, if the experience has promoted debating or analyzing social problems, it is understood that citizens should also act in this way. In the case of students, only in the educational institution (EI) where they had greater autonomy is it considered that they can be citizens. So, deliberation (about social problems) and higher levels of autonomy (of students) can build different kinds of citizenship. The results help to recognize that "good experiences of participation" could contribute "good ideas of citizenship" and, in relation to this, discover new theoretical constructs, from the social justice approach, around the configuration of representations of citizenship through based on specific experiences.
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Keywords
Educación secundaria--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Ciudadanía--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Política educativa--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Estudiantes (Educación secundaria)--Sociedades, asociaciones, etc--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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