Índice de progreso social del distrito de Chaclacayo
Date
2020-05-27
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Con el fin de ejecutar acciones de índole social y ambiental que logren beneficios para las
sociedades, es necesario tener a disposición metodologías que permitan a los distritos y
grupos de interés conocer objetivamente las áreas que se desean intervenir, de forma que se
pueda garantizar que los habitantes involucrados alcancen resultados positivos en su calidad
de vida y desarrollo. Es por este motivo que el Índice de Progreso Social (IPS), es una
herramienta a través de la cual se puede explicar tanto el desarrollo social y ambiental de una
determinada geografía, basándose en tres grandes dimensiones, como son: (a) Necesidades
Humanas Básicas; (b) Fundamentos de Bienestar; y (c) Oportunidades, de las que goza una
población. A su vez, cada una de estas dimensiones está conformada por cuatro componentes
que permiten conocer información básica que resulta ser de interés para las instituciones
públicas y/o privadas. Bajo los estándares del Social Progress Imperative, la presente
investigación aplicó el modelo IPS, al distrito de Chaclacayo, provincia de Lima, Perú, para
el 2019, resultando un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, no experimental transeccional, con un
alcance exploratorio-descriptivo, puesto que utiliza como fuente primaria de información una
encuesta proporcionada por CENTRUM PUCP, la cual fue aplicada a una muestra
estadísticamente válida de jefes de hogar. La información que se logró recolectar a través de
dichas encuestas fue procesada para su respectivo análisis estadístico, permitiendo de esta
manera el cálculo del IPS. El distrito de Chaclacayo logró un puntaje de 64.3 para el IPS,
que lo coloca en un nivel medio bajo de la escala según la metodología del Social Progress
Imperative, resultado calculado con el promedio simple de un puntaje de 82.76 para la
dimensión Necesidades Humanas Básicas, es decir un nivel muy alto; un puntaje de 46.3 para
la dimensión Fundamentos de Bienestar, que lo sitúa en un nivel bajo; y finalmente un
puntaje de 63.9 para la dimensión Oportunidades, es decir un nivel medio bajo. Para realizar
el presente estudio, el territorio del distrito de Chaclacayo se dividió en tres zonas. El puntaje del IPS obtenido para la Zona 1 fue de 57.5, que la posiciona en un nivel medio bajo; para la
Zona 2 fue de 63.4, es decir un nivel medio bajo, el nivel que logró la Zona 3 con un puntaje
de 72.0 es de medio alto; evidenciándose de esta manera, que incluso en un mismo distrito
coexisten diferentes niveles de progreso social, que hacen necesario un tratamiento particular
acorde con cada una de las necesidades de las zonas. Con el resultado obtenido, Chaclacayo
se encuentra por debajo del IPS calculado para Lima y Perú. Las dimensiones con menor
puntaje para el distrito son: (a) Fundamentos de Bienestar y (b) Oportunidades. Por ello, las
recomendaciones del presente estudio se relacionan en su mayoría a los componentes de las
dimensiones mencionadas, tales como percepción de inseguridad, déficit cualitativo de
vivienda, calidad de Internet, reciclaje, contaminación del aire, violencia contra la mujer y
acceso a la educación superior.
In order to carry out actions of a social and environmental nature that achieve benefits for societies, it is necessary to have available methodologies that allow governments and even interest groups to objectively know the areas that they want to intervene. This way you can ensure that the inhabitants involved achieve positive results. That is why the Social Progress Index (SPI) is a tool through which both the social and environmental development of a given geography can be explained, based on three large dimensions, such as: (a) Basic Human Needs, in the first place; (b) Fundamentals of Wellbeing; and (c) Opportunities that a population enjoys. In turn, each of these dimensions is made up of four components that allow knowing basic information that is of interest to public and / or private institutions. The present investigation adapted the SPI, under the standards of the Social Progress Imperative to the district of Chaclacayo, province of Lima, Peru in the year 2019, resulting in a quantitative, non-experimental transactional study with an exploratory-descriptive scope, since it uses as primary source of information a survey provided by CENTRUM PUCP, which was applied to a statistically valid sample of heads of household. The information that was collected through these surveys was processed for their respective statistical analysis, thus allowing the calculation of the SPI. The Chaclacayo district achieved a score of 64.3 for the SPI, which places it at a medium high level of the scale, the result of a score of 82.76 for the Basic Human Needs dimension, that is, a very high level, a score of 46.3 for the Fundamentals of Wellbeing dimension that places it at a low level and finally a score of 63.9 for the Opportunities dimension, that is to say a medium low level. To carry out the following study, the territory of the district of Chaclacayo was divided into three zones. The SPI score obtained was 58.2 for Zone 1, which positions it at a medium low level; the score for Zone 2 was 65.43, that is to say a medium high level, the same level that Zone 3 achieved with a score of 72.04. Evidence in this way, that even in the same district different levels of social progress coexist, which make a particular treatment necessary according to each of the needs of the areas. With this IPS result, Chaclacayo is below the IPS found for Lima and Peru. The dimensions with the lowest score in the district are: (a) Fundamentals of Wellbeing and (b) Opportunities. Therefore, the recommendations of this study are related to the components of these dimensions, such as perception of insecurity, qualitative housing deficit, internet quality, recycling, air pollution, violence against women and access to higher education.
In order to carry out actions of a social and environmental nature that achieve benefits for societies, it is necessary to have available methodologies that allow governments and even interest groups to objectively know the areas that they want to intervene. This way you can ensure that the inhabitants involved achieve positive results. That is why the Social Progress Index (SPI) is a tool through which both the social and environmental development of a given geography can be explained, based on three large dimensions, such as: (a) Basic Human Needs, in the first place; (b) Fundamentals of Wellbeing; and (c) Opportunities that a population enjoys. In turn, each of these dimensions is made up of four components that allow knowing basic information that is of interest to public and / or private institutions. The present investigation adapted the SPI, under the standards of the Social Progress Imperative to the district of Chaclacayo, province of Lima, Peru in the year 2019, resulting in a quantitative, non-experimental transactional study with an exploratory-descriptive scope, since it uses as primary source of information a survey provided by CENTRUM PUCP, which was applied to a statistically valid sample of heads of household. The information that was collected through these surveys was processed for their respective statistical analysis, thus allowing the calculation of the SPI. The Chaclacayo district achieved a score of 64.3 for the SPI, which places it at a medium high level of the scale, the result of a score of 82.76 for the Basic Human Needs dimension, that is, a very high level, a score of 46.3 for the Fundamentals of Wellbeing dimension that places it at a low level and finally a score of 63.9 for the Opportunities dimension, that is to say a medium low level. To carry out the following study, the territory of the district of Chaclacayo was divided into three zones. The SPI score obtained was 58.2 for Zone 1, which positions it at a medium low level; the score for Zone 2 was 65.43, that is to say a medium high level, the same level that Zone 3 achieved with a score of 72.04. Evidence in this way, that even in the same district different levels of social progress coexist, which make a particular treatment necessary according to each of the needs of the areas. With this IPS result, Chaclacayo is below the IPS found for Lima and Peru. The dimensions with the lowest score in the district are: (a) Fundamentals of Wellbeing and (b) Opportunities. Therefore, the recommendations of this study are related to the components of these dimensions, such as perception of insecurity, qualitative housing deficit, internet quality, recycling, air pollution, violence against women and access to higher education.
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Keywords
Indicadores económicos--Perú--Chaclacayo (Lima : Distrito), Indicadores sociales--Perú--Chaclacayo (Lima : Distrito), Investigación cuantitativa
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