Informe jurídico de la casación N° 4572-2015 Lambayeque
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente trabajo aborda el problema de cómo la convocatoria judicial de junta
general incide en la autonomía societaria y en el equilibrio interno del gobierno
corporativo. Si bien este mecanismo se encuentra diseñado como una garantía
para proteger los derechos de los accionistas frente a la inacción de los órganos
de administración, su uso puede terminar perjudicando una adecuada
autorregulación de las sociedades. Esta investigación analiza el riesgo del uso
de la convocatoria judicial de sociedades. Si bien su objetivo principal es
salvaguardar derechos, su aplicación puede afectar negativamente la dinámica
organizacional y la toma de decisiones de la compañía.
Los sustentos jurídicos principalmente se presentan en el análisis del artículo
117 de la Ley General de Sociedades, así como en los principios que rigen la
actuación judicial en procesos no contenciosos, la lógica de la business judgment
rule y los estándares de buen gobierno corporativo. A partir de los cuales, se nos
permite examinar el alcance de la intervención judicial, su carácter subsidiario y
las consecuencias negativas que puede ocasionar la convocatoria judicial en una
sociedad.
A partir del análisis se llega a la conclusión que, si bien la convocatoria judicial
cumple una función garantista indispensable, su uso reiterado debilita la
autonomía privada, incrementa los costos de agencia, genera demoras en la
toma de decisiones estratégicas y expone a la sociedad a riesgos reputacionales.
Por lo que, el fortalecimiento de la autorregulación interna, mediante estatutos
sólidos y mecanismos preventivos de resolución de conflictos, constituye una
alternativa eficiente para preservar el equilibrio del gobierno corporativo y reducir
la dependencia de la intervención judicial.
This paper addresses the problem of how the judicial convening of the general shareholders’ meeting affects corporate autonomy and the internal balance of corporate governance. Although this mechanism is designed as a safeguard to protect shareholders’ political rights in the face of inaction by management bodies, its use may ultimately undermine the proper self-regulation of corporations. The paper analyzes the risk that judicial convening, whose purpose is to safeguard rights, may end up affecting the organizational and decisionmaking dynamics of the company. This study is primarily based on the analysis of Article 117 of the General Corporations Law, as well as on the principles governing judicial intervention in non-contentious proceedings, the logic of the business judgment rule, and the standards of good corporate governance. These frameworks allow for an examination of the scope of judicial intervention, its subsidiary nature, and the negative consequences that judicial convening may generate within a corporation. From this analysis, the paper concludes that, although judicial convening fulfills an indispensable protective function, its repeated use weakens private autonomy, increases agency costs, causes delays in strategic decision-making, and exposes the company to reputational risks. Therefore, the strengthening of internal self-regulation, through robust bylaws and preventive conflict-resolution mechanisms, constitutes an efficient alternative for preserving the balance of corporate governance and reducing dependence on judicial intervention.
This paper addresses the problem of how the judicial convening of the general shareholders’ meeting affects corporate autonomy and the internal balance of corporate governance. Although this mechanism is designed as a safeguard to protect shareholders’ political rights in the face of inaction by management bodies, its use may ultimately undermine the proper self-regulation of corporations. The paper analyzes the risk that judicial convening, whose purpose is to safeguard rights, may end up affecting the organizational and decisionmaking dynamics of the company. This study is primarily based on the analysis of Article 117 of the General Corporations Law, as well as on the principles governing judicial intervention in non-contentious proceedings, the logic of the business judgment rule, and the standards of good corporate governance. These frameworks allow for an examination of the scope of judicial intervention, its subsidiary nature, and the negative consequences that judicial convening may generate within a corporation. From this analysis, the paper concludes that, although judicial convening fulfills an indispensable protective function, its repeated use weakens private autonomy, increases agency costs, causes delays in strategic decision-making, and exposes the company to reputational risks. Therefore, the strengthening of internal self-regulation, through robust bylaws and preventive conflict-resolution mechanisms, constitutes an efficient alternative for preserving the balance of corporate governance and reducing dependence on judicial intervention.
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Sociedades anónimas--Dirección y administración, Gobierno corporativo, Derecho societario--Jurisprudencia--Perú