Cableado aéreo de telecomunicaciones: Incertidumbre sobre las entidades encargadas de su fiscalización
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general proponer recomendaciones que permitan
definir con mayor claridad la autoridad o autoridades competentes para la fiscalización efectiva
del retiro del cableado aéreo de telecomunicaciones en desuso, obsoleto y mal estado, dentro
de un marco predecible para los usuarios y las empresas prestadoras. Para tal fin, se empleó un
método descriptivo y explicativo recurriendo a diversas fuentes disponibles, incluida una
encuesta a profesionales involucrados en el tema objeto de investigación, complementado con
un análisis cualitativo de impacto regulatorio multicriterio, basado en criterios jurídicos, técnicos,
sociales, económicos y ambientales. La investigación describe el marco normativo vigente y los
actores involucrados, identifica las barreras que enfrentan las municipalidades para ejercer su
función fiscalizadora, analiza la articulación institucional actual y examina experiencias
regulatorias en el sector eléctrico y en países de la región como referentes.
Los resultados confirman la hipótesis planteada, al evidenciar que la falta de claridad en la
distribución de competencias entre las entidades involucradas y la ausencia de mecanismos de
articulación institucional eficaz, constituyen los principales obstáculos para una fiscalización
efectiva. Entre las alternativas evaluadas, destaca como la más adecuada la asignación de la
fiscalización técnica al OSIPTEL, la potestad sancionadora a las municipalidades distritales y la
definición de parámetros técnicos al Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones, en tanto
reduce vacíos y duplicidades, fortalece la especialización técnica y promueve la coordinación
más eficiente entre las entidades competentes. Se concluye que la redefinición normativa y la
implementación de un modelo coordinado resultan indispensables para garantizar el retiro
oportuno del cableado en desuso, obsoleto y mal estado, mejorando así la gestión del espacio
público, la predictibilidad respecto de las instancias competentes y la seguridad de los
ciudadanos.
The present research has as its general objective to propose recommendations that clearly define the competent authority or authorities for the effective oversight of the removal of unused, obsolete, and deteriorated telecommunications aerial cabling, within a predictable framework for both users and service providers. To this end, a descriptive and explanatory method was employed, drawing on various available sources, including a survey of sector specialists, complemented by a qualitative multi-criteria regulatory impact analysis based on legal, technical, social, economic, and environmental criteria. The research describes the current regulatory framework and the stakeholders involved, identifies the barriers faced by municipalities in exercising their oversight function, analyzes the current institutional coordination, and examines regulatory experiences in the electricity sector and in other countries in the region as benchmarks. The findings confirm the initial hypothesis by showing that the lack of clarity in the distribution of competences among the entities involved and the absence of effective institutional coordination mechanisms are the main obstacles to effective oversight. Among the alternatives evaluated, the most appropriate is the allocation of technical oversight to OSIPTEL, sanctioning authority to district municipalities, and the definition of technical parameters to the MTC, as this reduces gaps and duplications, strengthens technical specialization, and promotes more efficient coordination among the competent entities. It is concluded that regulatory redefinition and the implementation of a coordinated model are essential to ensure the timely removal of unused, obsolete, and deteriorated cabling, thereby improving the management of public space, predictability regarding the competent authorities, and the safety of citizens.
The present research has as its general objective to propose recommendations that clearly define the competent authority or authorities for the effective oversight of the removal of unused, obsolete, and deteriorated telecommunications aerial cabling, within a predictable framework for both users and service providers. To this end, a descriptive and explanatory method was employed, drawing on various available sources, including a survey of sector specialists, complemented by a qualitative multi-criteria regulatory impact analysis based on legal, technical, social, economic, and environmental criteria. The research describes the current regulatory framework and the stakeholders involved, identifies the barriers faced by municipalities in exercising their oversight function, analyzes the current institutional coordination, and examines regulatory experiences in the electricity sector and in other countries in the region as benchmarks. The findings confirm the initial hypothesis by showing that the lack of clarity in the distribution of competences among the entities involved and the absence of effective institutional coordination mechanisms are the main obstacles to effective oversight. Among the alternatives evaluated, the most appropriate is the allocation of technical oversight to OSIPTEL, sanctioning authority to district municipalities, and the definition of technical parameters to the MTC, as this reduces gaps and duplications, strengthens technical specialization, and promotes more efficient coordination among the competent entities. It is concluded that regulatory redefinition and the implementation of a coordinated model are essential to ensure the timely removal of unused, obsolete, and deteriorated cabling, thereby improving the management of public space, predictability regarding the competent authorities, and the safety of citizens.
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Perú. Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones, Organismo Supervisor de Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones (Perú), Telecomunicaciones--Legislación--Perú, Cables de telecomunicación--Perú, Gobierno municipal--Perú