El ritual de la pelazón (Worecüchiga) de los Ticunas en el proceso de evangelización desde el siglo XX
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2019-03-22
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta tesis tiene el objetivo de analizar los cambios que ha experimentado el rito
de paso de la pelazón en el pubelo ticuna (Worecüchiga) a lo largo del tiempo,
especialmente a partir del siglo XX, cuando el contacto con la cultura occidental se
acentuó y modificó dramáticamente sus paradigmas socioculturales. Para ello, el estudio
se basa en las teorías (a) del rito de paso, que señala la importancia de transitar por
diferentes etapas durante la vida para formar parte de una sociedad; (b) del relato mítico
y el rito, que enfatiza en la relación entre ambos conceptos y explica el segundo a partir
del primero; y (c) de la transformación ritual, que destaca la adaptabilidad del rito al
cambio social.
Los cambios señalados se pueden apreciar tanto en la representación cultural
(preparación de la fiesta, reclusión de la muchacha púber, la celebración de la fiesta) como
en la cultura material (masato y payawarú, trajes-máscara, instrumentos musicales)
asociados a la pelazón. Estos cambios se han acentuado, principalmente, debido al nuevo
orden social, ya que la globalización trajo consigo nuevas costumbres e instrumentos que
afectaron notablemente la celebración del ritual. Otro motivo que fortaleció el cambio
fueron los movimientos religiosos occidentales, especialmente los de denominación
evangélica. Su discurso fue asimilado rápidamente debido a que estas y los ticunas
compartían una visión mesiánica del mundo y un anhelo de inmortalidad. Sin embargo,
las prohibiciones que les impusieron detuvieron notablemente el ritual de la pelazón
llevando a algunos ticunas de una defensa de sus costumbres a un abierto rechazo.
This thesis aims to analyze the changes experienced by “pelazón” (Worecüchiga), the most prominent rite of passage among the Ticuna people over time, especially from the twentieth century when the contact with western culture was accentuated, and dramatically modified their sociocultural paradigms. The study is based on the theories of: (a) the rite of passage, which indicates the importance of traveling through different stages of life to be part of a society; (b) relationship of the mythical story and the rite, which emphasizes the connection between both concepts and explains the second from the first; and (c) the ritual transformation, which highlights the adaptability of the ritual to social change. The indicated changes can be seen both in the cultural representation (preparation of the party, seclusion of the pubic girl, the celebration of the party) and in the material culture (masato and payawarú, costume-mask, musical instruments) associated with the “pelazón”. These changes have been accentuated, mainly, due to the new social order, since globalization brought with it new customs and instruments that notably affected the celebration of the ritual. Another reason that strengthened the change was the western religious movements, especially those of evangelical denomination. Their speech quickly assimilated in the Ticuna cosmology because both shared a messianic vision of the world and a longing for immortality. However, these western religious movements prohibited the ritual of the “pelazón”, which changed the attitude of Ticuna from a defense of their customs to an open rejection.
This thesis aims to analyze the changes experienced by “pelazón” (Worecüchiga), the most prominent rite of passage among the Ticuna people over time, especially from the twentieth century when the contact with western culture was accentuated, and dramatically modified their sociocultural paradigms. The study is based on the theories of: (a) the rite of passage, which indicates the importance of traveling through different stages of life to be part of a society; (b) relationship of the mythical story and the rite, which emphasizes the connection between both concepts and explains the second from the first; and (c) the ritual transformation, which highlights the adaptability of the ritual to social change. The indicated changes can be seen both in the cultural representation (preparation of the party, seclusion of the pubic girl, the celebration of the party) and in the material culture (masato and payawarú, costume-mask, musical instruments) associated with the “pelazón”. These changes have been accentuated, mainly, due to the new social order, since globalization brought with it new customs and instruments that notably affected the celebration of the ritual. Another reason that strengthened the change was the western religious movements, especially those of evangelical denomination. Their speech quickly assimilated in the Ticuna cosmology because both shared a messianic vision of the world and a longing for immortality. However, these western religious movements prohibited the ritual of the “pelazón”, which changed the attitude of Ticuna from a defense of their customs to an open rejection.
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Keywords
Indios del Perú--Ritos y Ceremonias, Indios de Colombia--Ritos y ceremonias, Indios del Perú--Asimilación cultural, Indios de Colombia--Asimilación cultural, Evangelización--Amazonas, Región
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