Resiliencia laboral de los jóvenes peruanos frente al COVID-19: Un análisis de las transiciones laborales
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente estudio examina la resiliencia en el mercado laboral de la juventud
peruana frente al impacto del COVID-19, realizando una adaptación del estudio de
Chacaltana et al. (2022) y en base a los datos panel de la ENAHO 2019-2021. Se
analiza la resiliencia en el mercado de trabajo como un tipo de transición laboral, y a
partir de ello, se trabaja con dos nociones de resiliencia: resiliencia débil y resiliencia
fuerte. Asimismo, en base a la teoría y estudios empíricos acerca de las transiciones
laborales, se emplea un modelo Probit que considera factores demográficos y de la
estructura del mercado laboral. Los resultados revelan que la resiliencia está más
relacionada a la necesidad que a la educación y experiencia laboral. Se halla que,
bajo presión y necesidad, los jóvenes aceptan salarios más bajos y enfrentan peores
condiciones laborales para conservar su empleo. Así, los jefes de hogar y aquellos en
el tercil más bajo de riqueza presentan resiliencia débil pero no resiliencia fuerte.
Además, se evidencia la persistencia de la brecha de género en el mercado laboral.
También, destaca la mayor resiliencia de los trabajadores ubicados en áreas rurales
en comparación con los urbanos.
This study analyzes the labour market resilience of the Peruvian youth population in the face of the impact of COVID-19, adapting the study by Chacaltana et al. (2022), using data from the ENAHO panel 2019-2021. We analyze resilience in the labour market as a type of labour transition, and from that, two notions of resilience are used: weak resilience and strong resilience. Then, based on theory and empirical studies about labour transitions, a Probit model is used, it considers demographic and labour market structure factors. The results reveal that resilience is more related to need than to education and work experience. It is found that, under pressure and necessity, young people accept lower wages and face worse working conditions in order to keep their jobs. Thus, household heads and those in the lowest wealth tercile show weak resilience but not strong resilience. In addition, the persistence of the gender gap in the labour market is evident. In addition, the greater resilience of workers located in rural areas compared to urban areas stands out.
This study analyzes the labour market resilience of the Peruvian youth population in the face of the impact of COVID-19, adapting the study by Chacaltana et al. (2022), using data from the ENAHO panel 2019-2021. We analyze resilience in the labour market as a type of labour transition, and from that, two notions of resilience are used: weak resilience and strong resilience. Then, based on theory and empirical studies about labour transitions, a Probit model is used, it considers demographic and labour market structure factors. The results reveal that resilience is more related to need than to education and work experience. It is found that, under pressure and necessity, young people accept lower wages and face worse working conditions in order to keep their jobs. Thus, household heads and those in the lowest wealth tercile show weak resilience but not strong resilience. In addition, the persistence of the gender gap in the labour market is evident. In addition, the greater resilience of workers located in rural areas compared to urban areas stands out.
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Pandemia de COVID-19, 2020---Aspectos económicos--Perú, Jóvenes--Trabajo--Perú--Siglo XXI, Mercado laboral--Perú--Siglo XXI, Resiliencia
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